اثرات گلیسین بتائین برونزاد بر خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولو‍ژیکی و عملکرد گیاه سویا (Glycine max L. )
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
1 - عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان
کلید واژه: عملکرد, پرولین, سویا, پروتئین کل, قندهای محلول, گلایسین بتائین برونزاد,
چکیده مقاله :
از آنجایی که گیاهان در طول چرخه زندگی با انواع استرس‌های محیطی مواجه هستند، کاربرد گلیسین بتائین (GB) برونزاد روی گیاهانی که توان تولید آن را ندارند، موجبات تفوق گیاه بر محدودیت‌های محیطی را فراهم ساخته و منجر به افزایش محصول می‌گردد. بنابراین به منظور بررسی اثر تیمارهای مختلف گلیسین بتائین بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و مورفولوژیکی دو رقم PER و DPX از سویا، آزمایشاتی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی و در چهار تکرار در شرایط مزرعه انجام شد. تیمارها شامل کاربرد غلظت‌های صفر، 5/2، 5 و 5/7 و 10 کیلوگرم درهکتار گلیسین بتائین برونزاد در دو مرحله شش برگی و نزدیک به گلدهی بود. در طول دوره رشد میزان رنگیزه‌های کلروفیل، میزان پرولین، گلیسین بتائین و قندهای محلول در برگ و میزان پرولین، گلیسین بتائین و پروتئین کل در بذر و فاکتور‌های مورفولوژیکی شامل، تعداد شاخه‌های فرعی، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعدا دانه در غلاف، وزن هزار دانه اندازه گیری شدند. به طور کلی کاربرد گلیسین بتائین برونزاد تفاوت معنی‌داری از نظر میزان کلروفیل ایجاد نکرد. در مرحله ده برگی از نظر میزان گلیسین بتائین درون‌زاد، پرولین و قندهای محلول تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. تمامی غلظت‌های گلیسین بتائین موجب افزایش معنی‌دار تعداد شاخه‌های فرعی و تعداد غلاف در بوته شدند ولی از نظر تعداد دانه در غلاف و وزن هزار دانه تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. افزایش غلظت گلیسین بتائین از طریق افزایش در تعداد شاخه‌های فرعی و تعداد غلاف در بوته موجب افزایش میزان عملکرد گردید. افزایش تیمار گلیسین بتائین موجب افزایش معنی‌دار عملکرد در بوته، بویژه در رقم DPX و در غلظت‌های بهینه 5/7، 10 و 5 از گلیسین بتائین برونزاد شد. میزان پروتئین کل، درصد جوانه‌زنی و سرعت جوانه‌زنی بذرهای برداشت شده در تیمارهای مختلف گلیسین بتائین تفاوت معنی‌داری نکردند.
Since plants confront to kinds of environment stresses in life cycle, exogenous glycine betaine (EGB) applications on crop plants that unable to synthesis glycine betaine is a possible approach to overcome the environmental limitations. In order to study of different treatments of EGB on physiological and morphological characteristics of soybean (Glycine max var PER and DPX), experiments were performed in field condition as factorial with completely randomized design in four replication. Treatments consist of 0 (as control), 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10kg per hectar EGB in six-leaf and near the flowering stages. During the growth period the amount of chlorophyll and soluble sugar levels in leaves and proline, GB and total protein in leaves and seeds and morphological factors, including number of branches, pods, seed number in pods, thousands seed weight were measured. The results showed that chlorophyll content had no change by application of EGB. Regard to EGB, proline and soluble sugar content not observed significant different in ten foliare stage. All EGB concentrations increased number of lateral branch and number of seeds per pod significantly, but not abserved significant different in number of seed per pod and thousands seed weight. EGB application enhanced yield of soybean by increase in number of lateral branch and number of pod per plant. Increased EGB concentrations enhanced yield of soybean significantly, especially in DPX cultivar by optimum concentration of 7.5, 10 and 5 Kg/hec and 5. Total protein content, germination percent and rate in harvested seeds in different treatments of EGB have no significant different.
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