اثر محلول پاشی متانول بر برخی خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی و فیزیولوژیکی سویا (Glycine max L.) تحت تنش خشکی

محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک

بهزاد امرایی ¹ (گروه زیست‌شناسی دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران)
فرزاد پاک نژاد ² (گروه زراعت دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج، ایران)
محمدعلی ابراهیمی ³ (گروه بیوتکنولوژی دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران)
حمید سبحانیان ⁴ (گروه زیست‌شناسی دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/12/14 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/03/18 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/01/01

کلید واژه: پراکسید هیدروژن, تنش خشکی, پرولین, ترکیبات فنلی, پروتئین کل, متانول, محتوای رطوبت نسبی,

چکیده مقاله :

به‌منظور بررسى اثرمحلول پاشى متانول وتنش خشکى بر برخى صفات بیوشیمیایی سویا (Glaycine max L.) آزمایشى گلدانی در محیط مزرعه انجام گرفت. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمار‌های مورد بررسی شامل سه سطح آبیاری نرمال (آبیاری پس از 40 درصد تخلیه رطوبت قابل دسترس خاک)، تنش متوسط (آبیاری پس از 60 درصد تخلیه رطوبت قابل دسترس خاک) و تنش شدید (آبیاری پس از 70 درصد تخلیه رطوبت قابل دسترس خاک) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و سطوح متانول به صورت محلول پاشی برگی شامل محلول‌های شاهد( محلول پاشی آب بدون مصرف متانول) و محلول‌های 7، 14 و 21 درصد حجمی متانول به عنوان عامل فرعی بود. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد بین سطوح مختلف متانول اختلاف معنى دارى در میزان کلروفیل و ترکیبات کاروتنوئیدی، محتوای رطوبت نسبی، ترکیبات فنلی، مقدار پروتئین کل، پرولین و میزان پراکسید هیدروژن برگ در سطح احتمال خطای یک درصد مشاهده شد. با شروع تنش رطوبتی از تنش ملایم تا تنش شدید کاربرد متانول 14درصد تاثیر بیشتری بر میزان کلروفیل کل، کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، داشت. همچنین در شرایط تنش ملایم و تنش شدید با کاربرد بیشترین مقدار از سطح متانول مقدار تولید پراکسید هیدروژن به کمترین میزان رسید و مقدار ترکیبات فنلی با افزایش کاربرد متانول از 7 به 14درصد افزایش یافت. طبق نتایج به‌دست آمده با کاربرد 14 درصد متانول افزایش بیشتری در کارایی پرولین در شرایط تنش شدید مشاهده شد. با افزایش کاربرد حجمی متانول از 7 به 14 درصد مقدار آب نسبی بیشتر در گیاه در شرایط تنش حفظ شد. در مورد پروتئین با شدت یافتن تنش خشکی، تاثیر کاربرد متانول 14درصد در مقایسه با متانول 21 درصد به یک میزان بود. بنابراین با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده می توان نتیجه گرفت که متانول مقاومت گیاه در برابر تنش خشکی را بهبود بخشید.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In order to investigate the effect of foliar application of methanol and drought stress on some biochemical properties of soybean (Glaycine max L.), a pot experiment was done in farm environment. The experiments were done in factorial form based on a completely random design with 3 repetitions. Treatments included three irrigation levels of normal (irrigation after 40% depletion of available soil moisture), average stress (irrigation after 60% depletion of available soil moisture), and severe stress (irrigation after 70% depletion of available soil moisture) as the main factor and levels of methanol in the form of foliar application including control solutions (foliar application without use of methanol) and solutions of 14.7% and 21% of methanol as secondary factor. Results obtained from the study showed that there were significant differences between various levels of methanol in content of chlorophyll and carotenoid compounds, relative water content, phenolic compounds, total protein content, proline, and leaf peroxide hydrogen in (P≤0.01). With the application of stress from mild to severe, application of 14% methanol showed more pronounced effects on total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. Moreover, under mild and severe stress conditions, with application of the highest value of methanol, production of peroxide hydrogen reached lowest level and the content of phenolic compounds increased with the increased application of methanol from 7% to 14%. According to the obtained results, with application of 14% methanol, more increase was observed in the efficiency of proline under severe stress conditions. Increasing the volume of methanol from 7 to 14%, the relative water content was preserved under stress conditions. For protein, with increased drought stress, the effect of application of 14% methanol was the same in comparison with 21% methanol. Therefore, according to the obtained results, it is concluded that methanol could improve plant resistance against drought stress.

منابع و مأخذ:

  Ahmed, S., Nawata, E., Hosokawa, M., Domae, Y. and Sakuratani, T. (2002). Alterations in photosynthesis and some antioxidant enzymatic activity of mungbean subjected to waterlogging. Journal of Plant Science. 163:117-123.

Armand, N., Amiri, H. and Ismaili, A. (2016). The effect of methanol on photosynthetic parameters of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under water deficit. Photosynthetica. 54: 288-294.

Ashraf, M. and Iram, A. (2005). Drought stress induced changes in some organic substances in nodules and other plant parts of two potential legumes differing in salt tolerance. Journal of Flora. 200: 535-546.

Bates, L.S., Waldern, R.P. and Teare, I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil Environment. 39: 205–207.

Benson, A.A. (1951). Identification of ribulose in 14CO₂ photosynthetic products. Journal American Chemical Society. 73: 2971-2.

Bettaieb, I., Hamrouni-Sellami, I., Bourgou, S., Limam, F. and Marzouk, B. (2010). Drought effects on polyphenol composition and antioxidant activities in aerial parts of Salvia officinalis L. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 33(4):1103-1111.

Boscaiu, M.,  Sanchez, M., Bautista, I., Donat, P., Lidon, A., Llinares, J., Llul, C., Mayoral, O. and Vicente, O. (2010). Phenolic compounds as stress markers in plants from gypsum habitats. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary. 67: 44-49.

Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry Quantities. 72: 248-254.

Chaves, M.M. (1991). Effects of water deficits on carbon assimilation. Journal of Experimental Botany. 42: 1-16.

Chaves, M.M. and Oliveira, M.M. (2004). Mechanisms underlying plant resilience to water deficits: Prospects for water-saving agriculture. Journal of Experimental Botany. 55: 2365-2384.

Downie, A.,  Miyazaki, S., Bohnert, H., John, P., Coleman, J., Parry, M. and Haslam, R. (2004). Expression profiling of the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to methanol stimulation. Phytochemistry. 65: 2305–2316.

Faver, K.L. and Gerik, T.J. (1996). Foliar-applied methanol effects on cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) gas exchange and growth. Field Crops Research. 47: 227–234.

Flexas, J. and Medrano, H. (2008). Drought-inhibition of photosynthesis in C3- plants: stomatal and nonstomatal limitation revisited. Annals of Botany. 183: 183-189.

Ghorbani, M. and Niakan, M. (2006). The effect of drought stress on soluble sugar, Total protein, proline, phenolic compound, chlorophyll content and rate reductase activity in Soybean (Glycine max L.cv.Gorgan3). Materials and Energy. 18(56):537-550

Gunes, A., Inal, A., Adak, M.S., Bagci, E.G., Cicek, N. and Eraslan, F. (2008). Effect of drought stress implemented at pre-or post-anthesis stage some physiological as screening criteria in chickpea cultivars. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. 55: 59–67.

Haston, A.D. and Roje, S. (2001). One carbon metabolism in higher plants. Annual Reviw of Plant Biology. 52: 119-138.

Hare, P.D., Cress W.A. and Van Standen, J. (1998). Dissecting the rols of osmolyte accumulation during stress. Plant Cell Environment. 21: 535–553.

Hossinzadeh, S.R., Salimi, A., Ganjeali, A. and Ahmadpour, R. (2015). Effects of foliar application of methanol on biochemical characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under drought stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 31(1):17-30.

   Hosseinzadeh, S.R., Cheniany, M. and Salimi, A. (2014).    Effects   of    foliar application of methanol on physiological characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under drought stress. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research. 5(2):71-82.

Hsiao, T.C. (2000). Leaf and root growth in relation to water status. Horticultural Science. 35: 1051-1058.

Hura, T., Grzesiak, S., Hura, K., Thiemt, E., Tokarz, K. and Wedzony, M. (2007). Physiological and biochemical tools useful in drought-tolerance detection in genotypes of winter triticale: Accumulation of ferulic acid. Annals of Botany. 100: 767-775.

Ivanova, E.G., Dornina, N.V., Shepelyakovskaya, A.O., Laman, A.G., Brovko, F.A. and Trotsenko, Y.A. (2001). Faculative and obligate aerobic methylobacteria synthesize cytokinins. Journal of Microbiology. 69: 646-651.

Keles, Y. and Oncel, I. (2004). Growth and solute composition on two wheat species experiencing combined influence of stress conditions. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. 51: 203-208.

Khafagi, O.M.A. and El-Lawendy, W.I. (1997). Effect of different irrigation intervals on sugar beet growth, plant water relations and photosynethetic pigments. Annals of Agricultural Science Moshtohor. 35: 305-319.

Khosravi, E., Mehrafarin, A., Naghdi Badi, H., Khosravi, M.T. and Hajiaghaee, R. (2012).The  phytochemical response of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) to methanol and ethanol hydroalcoholic solutions. New York City, International Congress on Natural Products Research (ICNPR). PlantaMedthod. 11: 78 (P: 12).

Kumar, R.R. and Thomas, J. (2004).  Physiological basis of cultivar characterization in tea (Camellia spp.). JournalPlantCrops. 32: 54-7.

Lichtenthaler, H.K. (1992). The Kaustky effect: 60years of chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics. Food Crops to Temperature and Water Stress, AVRDC, Shanhua, Taiwan, pp: 389-398.

Lu, Q., Lu, C., Zhang, J. and Kuang, T. (2002). Photosynthesis and chlorophyll a fluorescence during flag leaf senescence of field-grown wheat plants. Journal of Plant Physiology. 159: 1173-1178.

Makhdum, I. M., Nawaz, A., Shabab, M., Ahmad, F. and Illahi, F. (2002). Physiological response of Cotton to methanol foliar application. Pakistan Journal of Research Science. 13: 37-43.

Matta, A.J. and Giai, I. (1969). Accumulation of phenol in tomato plant is affected by different forms of Fusarium oxysporum. Planta  Medica. 50: 512-513. 

Mansourifar, C.,  Shaban, M.,  Ghobadi, M. and  Sabaghpoor, S.H. (2012).   Study of grain filling in chickpea cultivars under drought stress and N fertilizer. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 10(3): 591-602.

 Mirakhori, M.,  Paknejad, F.,  Ardakani, M.R.,  Moradi, F., Nazeri, P. and  Nasri, M. (2010). Effect of methanol spraying on yield and yield components of soybean (Glycine max L.). Agroecology. 2(2): 236-244.

  Mirakhori, M.,  Paknejad, F.,  Moradi, F.,  Ardakani, M.R.,  Nazeri, P. and Esmaeilpor Jahromi,M.E. (2010). Effect of drought stress and methanol on chlorophyll parameters, chlorophyll content and relative water content of Soybean (Glycine max L., var. L. 17). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 8(3): 531-541.

Mohammadian, R., Rahimian, H., Moghaddam, M. and Sadeghian, S.Y. (2003). Effect of early drought stress on sugar beets chlorophyll fluorescence. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 6: 1763-1769.

Mudgett, M.E. and Clarke, S. (1993). Characterization of plant L-isoaspartyl methyltransferases that may be involved in seed survival. Journal of Biochemistry Research. 32: 1100-1111.

Munns, R. and Tester, M. (2008). Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology. 59: 651-681.

Nefedieva, E.E. (2003). The influence of impulse pressure on the phytohormone content, growth and crop productivity of buckwheat plants (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. cv. Aromat). Pacific Journal of Science and Technology. 3:123–135.

Nonomura, A. M., and Benson, A. A. (1992). The path of carbon in photosynthesis: Improved crop yields with methanol. National Academy Science.89-98.

Ober, E. (2001). The search for drought tolerance in sugar beet. British Sugar Beet Review. 69: 40-43.

Ort, D.R. (2001). When there is too much light. Plant Physiology. 125: 29-32.

Puritch, G.S. and Barker, A.V. (1967). Structure and function of tomato leaf chloroplasts during ammonium toxicity. Journal of Plant Physiology. 42: 1229-1238.

Ramadant, T. and Omran, Y. (2005). The effects of foliar application of methanol on productivity and fruit quality of grapevine cv. flame seedlees. Vitis Journal. 44: 11-16.

Ramirez, I., Dorta, F., Espinoza, V., Jimenez, E., Mercado, A. and Pen, H. (2006). Effects of foliar and root applications of methanol on the growth of arabidopsis, tobacco, and tomato plants. Plant and Soil. 289: 30-44.

Rasoli, F. (2011). Investigate effects of flooding stress on physiological characteristics, yield and yield components in rapeseed (Brassica napuse). M.Sc. Thesis, Gorgan University of Agricultural  Sciences and Natural Resources. (In Persian)

Rekha, R., Warrier, S., Lalitha, A. and Chellappan, S. (2014). A modified assay of carbonic anhydrase activity in tree species. Biochemistry and Biothechnology Reports. 3(1): 48-55.

Rosales, M.A., Ocampo, E., Rodríguez-Valentín, R., Olvera-Carrillo, Y., Acosta-Gallegos, J. and Covarrubias, A.A. (2012). Physiological analysis of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars uncovers characteristics related to terminal drought resistance. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 56: 24-34.

Safarazade Vishgahi, M.N., Nourmohamadi, G. and Magidi, H. (2007). Effect of methanol on peanut function and yield components. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science. 38: 88-103.

Sagisaka, S. (1976). The occurrence of peroxide in a perennial plant Populas gelrica. Plant Physiology. 57: 308-309.

Salisbury, F.B. and Ross, C.B. (1991). Wadsworth publishing company belton California. Plant Physiology. 2: 316-321.

Shao, H.B., Chu, L.Y., Lu, Z.H. and Kang, C.M. (2008). Primary antioxidant free radical scavenging and redox signalling pathways in higher plant cells. International Journal Biology Science 4: 8-14.

Vyshkayy, M., Noormohammadi, Gh., Majidi, A. and Rabii, B. (2008). Effect of methanol on the growth with methanolfunctionpeanuts. Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 1: 102-87. (In Persian).

Yordanov, I., Tsonko, T., Velikova, V., Georgieva , K., Ivanov, P., Tsenov, N. and Petrova, T. (2001). Change in CO₂ assimilation, transpiration and stomatal resistance to different wheat cultivars expressing drought under field conditions. Bulgharestan Journal Plant Physiology. 27: 20-33.

Yordanov, I., Velikova, V. and Tsonev, T. (2003). Plant responses to drought and stress tolerance. Bulgharestan Journal of Plant Physiology. 2: 187-206.

Zbiec, I.I., Karczmarczyk, S. and Koszanski, Z. (1999). Influence of methanol on some cultivated plants. Department of Plant Production and Irrigation. Agricultural University of Szczecin Poland. 73: 217-220.