اثر کاربرد ترکیبی روغن ولک، کلسیم و پتاسیم بر زمان شکوفایی و فیزیولوژی تحمل به سرمای جوانه انگور (Vitis vinifera L.)
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
عباس صابری
1
(
گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران
)
روح الله کریمی
2
(
گروه مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران
)
کلید واژه: تغذیه, کربوهیدرات, تنش سرما, انگور, فنول کل,
چکیده مقاله :
به‌منظور بررسی اثر محلول پاشی کلسیم، پتاسیم و روغن ولک به صورت تلفیقی و جداگانه بر زمان شکوفایی جوانه و شاخص های فیزیولوژیکی تحمل به سرما در انگور بی دانه سفید، آزمایشی به صورت طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در سال 1396 در یک تاکستان20 ساله واقع در روستای عباس‌آباد از توابع شهرستان خنداب استان مرکزی انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل شاهد، روغن ولک، روغن ولک+ کلسیم، روغن ولک+ پتاسیم، پتاسیم، کلسیم، کلسیم + پتاسیم و ولک + کلسیم+ پتاسیم بود. تاک ها با روغن ولک (یک درصد) کلسیم (دو درصد) و پتاسیم (سه درصد) در اواخر اسفند طی دو مرحله نوک پنبه ای و یک هفته بعد محلول پاشی شدند. تیمار ترکیبی ولک + کلسیم + پتاسیم منجر به تاخیر در باز شدن جوانه ها به مدت 5 روز در مقایسه با تاک های شاهد شد. بیشترین غلظت کربوهیدرات، فنل کل و پروتئین محلول در تاک های تیمار شده با ترکیب کلسیم + پتاسیم بدست آمد و کمترین این ترکیبات مربوط به تیمار ولک به تنهایی و شاهد بود. همچنین بیشترین میزان کلروفیلa ، b، کاروتنوئیدها و کلروفیل کل از تیمار ترکیبی کلسیم + پتاسیم و کمترین این رنگیزه ها در تیمار ولک مشاهده شد. بالاترین محتوای آب نسبی، نشت یونی و پراکسیداسیون لیپیدهای غشاء نیز در تاک های شاهد مشاهده شد. با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش، برای اجتناب از سرمای دیررس بهاره در تاکستان ها تلفیق محلول پاشی روغن ولک + کلسیم + پتاسیم در باغات انگور مناسب تشخیص داده شد.
In order to investigate the effects of foliar application of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and Volck oil separately or in combination on budburst and cold tolerance-related physiological indices in Bidaneh-Sefid grapevine, a randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted in 2017 in a commercial vineyard located in Abasabad village, Khondab in Markazi province. Treatments included control, Volck oil, Volck oil + Ca, Volck oil + K, K, Ca, Ca + K, and Volck oil + Ca + K. The vines were sprayed with Volck (1%), calcium (2%), and potassium (3%) in mid April at the wooly stage and one week later. The traits included days to budburst, ion leakage, peroxidation of membrane lipids, chlorophyll a and b, relative water content, soluble carbohydrates, proline, soluble proteins, and phenol. The combined treatment of Volch + Ca + K resulted in 5 day retardation in budburst compared to control vines. The highest concentrations of carbohydrate, phenol, and protein were obtained with Ca + K combined treatment, and the lowest ones were observed in both control and Volck oil- treated vines. The highest amounts of chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, and total chlorophyll were obtained from Ca and K treatment and the lowest was observed in Volck oil treatment. The highest concentrations of proline, carbohydrate, and soluble protein were related to Ca + K treatment, and the lowest ones were obtained for control treatment. The highest relative water content, ion leakage, and membrane lipid peroxidation were detected in control vines. Therefore, in order to avoid late spring frost in vineyards, the combination of Volck oil + Ca + K was found to be appropriate in vineyards.
Abdel-Razek, E., Treutter, D., Saleh, M.M.S., El-Shammaa, M., Fouad, A.A. and Abdel-Hamid, N. (2011). Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on productivity and fruit quality of ‘crimson seedless’ grape. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 2:330-340.
Alipur, H. and Ghaffari., F. (2011). The effect of application of spring volcano oil and its combination with other food elements on physiological traits, pistachio fruit performance and quality. Iranian Journal of Horticulture, 41: 281-275.
Bates, L.S., Waldern R.P. and Teave I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress standies. Plant and Soil, 39: 205-107.
Beede, H. and Ferguson, L. (2003). Effect of rootstock and treatment date on the response of pistachio to dormant applied horticultural mineral oil. Acta Horticulturae, 591: 53-56
Bradford, M.M. (1987). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytic Biochemistry, 72:248-254.
Buege, J.A. and Aust, S.D. (1978) .Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methods Enzymol, 52:302-310.
Catala, R., Santos, E., Alonso, J.M., Ecker, J.R., Martinez-Zapater, J.M. and Salinas, J. (2003). Mutations in the Ca+2/H+ transporter CAX1 increase CBF/DREB1 expression and the cold-acclimation response in Arabidopsis. Plant and Cell, 15: 2940–2951.
Chayani, S., Ershadi., A. and Sarikhani, H. (2015). The effect of soybean oil and naphthalene acetic acid on delaying the opening time of the buds and reducing the damage caused by spring planting in Fakhri grapevine cultivar. Journal of Crop Improvement, 17: 357-351.
Dami, I. and Beam, B.A. (2004). Response of grapevines to soybean oil application. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. 55: 269-275.
Demarty, M., Morvan, C. and Thellier M. (1984). Calcium and the cell wall. Plant Cell Envirom. 7:441-448.
Du, L. and Poovaiah, B.W. (2005). Ca+2/ calmodulin is critical for brassinosteroid biosynthesis and plant growth. Nature, 437: 741–745.
Ershadi, A., Karimi, R. and Naderi Mahdei, K. (2016) Freezing tolerance and its relationship with soluble carbohydrates, proline and water content in 12 grapevine cultivars. Acta Physiologiea Plantarum, 38: 1-10.
Ghasemi, A.A., Ershadi, A. and Fallahi, E. (2012). Evaluation of cold hardiness in seven Iranian commercial pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars. HortScienc, 47: 1821-1825.
Irigoyen, J.J., Emerich, D.W. and Sanchez-Diaz, M. (1992) Water stress induced changes in concentrations of proline and total soluble sugars in nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants. Physiologia Plantarum, 84: 55-60.
Javanshah, A. and Alipour, H. (2003). Compensation of chilling requirement using chemical treatments on pistachio trees. In: Proceedings of 7th international symposium of TZFTS, Solan.
Kanmegne, G. and Omokolo N.D. (2003). Changes in phenol content and peroxidase activity during in vitro organogenesis in Xanthosoma sagittifolium L. Plant Growth Regulation, 40: 53 - 7
Karimi, R. (2014). Evaluation of nutrition and abscisic acid on grapevine cold tolerance. Ph.D. Dissertation in Horticulture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan.
Karimi, R. (2017). Potassium-induced freezing tolerance is associated with endogenous abscisic acid, polyamines and soluble sugars changes in grapevine. Scientia Horticulturea, 215: 184-194.
Karimi, R. and Ebrahimi, M. (2017). Effects of calcium and zinc spray on spring chilling tolerance of ‘Sultana’ grapevine. The 10th Scientific Congress of Horticulture, 15th and 16th of September, Tarbiat Modares University.
Karimi, R., Ershadi, A., Esna-Ashari, M. and Mashhadi Akbar Bojar, M. (2014). Seasonal changes in soluble proteins, total phenol, malondialdehyde content and their relationship with the cold tolerance of some grapevine cultivars. Journal of Crop Improvement, 16: 999-1013.
Keller, M. (2010). The Science of Grapevines: Anatomy and Physiology. Burlington, MA: Academic Press. 400 p.
Kumar, N., Meenakshi, N., Suresh, J. and Nosov, V. (2006). Effect of potassiums nutrition on growth, yield and quality of papaya (Carica papaya L.). Indian Journal of Fertilizers, 2: 43-47.
Linden, L. (2002). Measuring cold hardiness in woody plants. Academic dissertation, Department of Applied Biology and Horticulture, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Maali-Amiri, R., Goldenkova-Pavlova, I.V. and Pchelkin, V.P. (2007). Lipid fatty acid composition of potato plants transformed with the deta12-desaturase gene from cyanobacterium. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 54:678-685.
Marschner H. (1995). Mineral Nutrition of Higher plants. Academic Press, London, UK.
Mengel, K. (2007). Potassium. pp: 91-120. In: Barker, A.V. and D.J. Pilbeam (Eds.). Handbook of Plant Nutrition. CRC Press, NY, USA. 632 p.
Nguyen, P.M., Kwee, E.M. and Niemeyer, E.D. (2010). Potassium rate alters the antioxidant capacity and phenolic concenteration of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Leaves. Food Chemistry, 123: 1235-1241.
Ritchie S.W., Nguyen H.T. and Holaday A.S. (1990). Leaf water content and gas-exchange parameters of two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance. Crop Science, 30: 105-111.
Sarikhani, H., Haqi, H., Ershadi, A., Esna Ashari, M. and Pouya, M. (2014). Foliar application of potassium sulphate enhances the cold-hardiness of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 89: 141–146.
Soares, A.G., Trugo, L.C., Botrel, N. and Souza, L.F. (2005). Reduction of internal browning of pineapple fruit (Ananas comusus L.) by preharvest soil application of Potassium. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 35: 201-207
Tavallali, V., Rahemi, M., and Panahi, B. (2008). Calcium induces salinity tolerance in pistachio rootstocks. Fruits, 63: 201-208.
Thomashow, M.F. (1999). Plant cold acclimation: Freezing tolerance genes and regulatorymechanisms. Annual Review in Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 50:571-599.
Velioglu, Y.S., Mazza, G., Gao, L. and Oomah, B.D. (1998). Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables and grain products. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 46: 4113-4117.
Webster, D.E. and Ebdon, J.S. (2005). Effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on perennial raygrass cold tolerance during deacclimation in late winter and early spring. HortScience, 40:842-849.
Yadeghari. L.Z., Heidari, R. and Carapetian, J. (2008). The influence of cold acclimation on proline, malondialdehyd (MDA), Total protein and pigments contents in soybean (Glycine max) seedlings. Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 3: 74-79
Zhang, F., Shi, W., Jim, Z. and Shen, Z. (2003). Response of antioxidative enzymes in cucumber chloroplasts to cadmium toxicity. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 26: 1779-1788.
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Abdel-Razek, E., Treutter, D., Saleh, M.M.S., El-Shammaa, M., Fouad, A.A. and Abdel-Hamid, N. (2011). Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on productivity and fruit quality of ‘crimson seedless’ grape. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 2:330-340.
Alipur, H. and Ghaffari., F. (2011). The effect of application of spring volcano oil and its combination with other food elements on physiological traits, pistachio fruit performance and quality. Iranian Journal of Horticulture, 41: 281-275.
Bates, L.S., Waldern R.P. and Teave I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress standies. Plant and Soil, 39: 205-107.
Beede, H. and Ferguson, L. (2003). Effect of rootstock and treatment date on the response of pistachio to dormant applied horticultural mineral oil. Acta Horticulturae, 591: 53-56
Bradford, M.M. (1987). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytic Biochemistry, 72:248-254.
Buege, J.A. and Aust, S.D. (1978) .Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methods Enzymol, 52:302-310.
Catala, R., Santos, E., Alonso, J.M., Ecker, J.R., Martinez-Zapater, J.M. and Salinas, J. (2003). Mutations in the Ca+2/H+ transporter CAX1 increase CBF/DREB1 expression and the cold-acclimation response in Arabidopsis. Plant and Cell, 15: 2940–2951.
Chayani, S., Ershadi., A. and Sarikhani, H. (2015). The effect of soybean oil and naphthalene acetic acid on delaying the opening time of the buds and reducing the damage caused by spring planting in Fakhri grapevine cultivar. Journal of Crop Improvement, 17: 357-351.
Dami, I. and Beam, B.A. (2004). Response of grapevines to soybean oil application. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. 55: 269-275.
Demarty, M., Morvan, C. and Thellier M. (1984). Calcium and the cell wall. Plant Cell Envirom. 7:441-448.
Du, L. and Poovaiah, B.W. (2005). Ca+2/ calmodulin is critical for brassinosteroid biosynthesis and plant growth. Nature, 437: 741–745.
Ershadi, A., Karimi, R. and Naderi Mahdei, K. (2016) Freezing tolerance and its relationship with soluble carbohydrates, proline and water content in 12 grapevine cultivars. Acta Physiologiea Plantarum, 38: 1-10.
Ghasemi, A.A., Ershadi, A. and Fallahi, E. (2012). Evaluation of cold hardiness in seven Iranian commercial pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars. HortScienc, 47: 1821-1825.
Irigoyen, J.J., Emerich, D.W. and Sanchez-Diaz, M. (1992) Water stress induced changes in concentrations of proline and total soluble sugars in nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants. Physiologia Plantarum, 84: 55-60.
Javanshah, A. and Alipour, H. (2003). Compensation of chilling requirement using chemical treatments on pistachio trees. In: Proceedings of 7th international symposium of TZFTS, Solan.
Kanmegne, G. and Omokolo N.D. (2003). Changes in phenol content and peroxidase activity during in vitro organogenesis in Xanthosoma sagittifolium L. Plant Growth Regulation, 40: 53 - 7
Karimi, R. (2014). Evaluation of nutrition and abscisic acid on grapevine cold tolerance. Ph.D. Dissertation in Horticulture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan.
Karimi, R. (2017). Potassium-induced freezing tolerance is associated with endogenous abscisic acid, polyamines and soluble sugars changes in grapevine. Scientia Horticulturea, 215: 184-194.
Karimi, R. and Ebrahimi, M. (2017). Effects of calcium and zinc spray on spring chilling tolerance of ‘Sultana’ grapevine. The 10th Scientific Congress of Horticulture, 15th and 16th of September, Tarbiat Modares University.
Karimi, R., Ershadi, A., Esna-Ashari, M. and Mashhadi Akbar Bojar, M. (2014). Seasonal changes in soluble proteins, total phenol, malondialdehyde content and their relationship with the cold tolerance of some grapevine cultivars. Journal of Crop Improvement, 16: 999-1013.
Keller, M. (2010). The Science of Grapevines: Anatomy and Physiology. Burlington, MA: Academic Press. 400 p.
Kumar, N., Meenakshi, N., Suresh, J. and Nosov, V. (2006). Effect of potassiums nutrition on growth, yield and quality of papaya (Carica papaya L.). Indian Journal of Fertilizers, 2: 43-47.
Linden, L. (2002). Measuring cold hardiness in woody plants. Academic dissertation, Department of Applied Biology and Horticulture, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Maali-Amiri, R., Goldenkova-Pavlova, I.V. and Pchelkin, V.P. (2007). Lipid fatty acid composition of potato plants transformed with the deta12-desaturase gene from cyanobacterium. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 54:678-685.
Marschner H. (1995). Mineral Nutrition of Higher plants. Academic Press, London, UK.
Mengel, K. (2007). Potassium. pp: 91-120. In: Barker, A.V. and D.J. Pilbeam (Eds.). Handbook of Plant Nutrition. CRC Press, NY, USA. 632 p.
Nguyen, P.M., Kwee, E.M. and Niemeyer, E.D. (2010). Potassium rate alters the antioxidant capacity and phenolic concenteration of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Leaves. Food Chemistry, 123: 1235-1241.
Ritchie S.W., Nguyen H.T. and Holaday A.S. (1990). Leaf water content and gas-exchange parameters of two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance. Crop Science, 30: 105-111.
Sarikhani, H., Haqi, H., Ershadi, A., Esna Ashari, M. and Pouya, M. (2014). Foliar application of potassium sulphate enhances the cold-hardiness of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 89: 141–146.
Soares, A.G., Trugo, L.C., Botrel, N. and Souza, L.F. (2005). Reduction of internal browning of pineapple fruit (Ananas comusus L.) by preharvest soil application of Potassium. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 35: 201-207
Tavallali, V., Rahemi, M., and Panahi, B. (2008). Calcium induces salinity tolerance in pistachio rootstocks. Fruits, 63: 201-208.
Thomashow, M.F. (1999). Plant cold acclimation: Freezing tolerance genes and regulatorymechanisms. Annual Review in Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 50:571-599.
Velioglu, Y.S., Mazza, G., Gao, L. and Oomah, B.D. (1998). Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables and grain products. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 46: 4113-4117.
Webster, D.E. and Ebdon, J.S. (2005). Effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on perennial raygrass cold tolerance during deacclimation in late winter and early spring. HortScience, 40:842-849.
Yadeghari. L.Z., Heidari, R. and Carapetian, J. (2008). The influence of cold acclimation on proline, malondialdehyd (MDA), Total protein and pigments contents in soybean (Glycine max) seedlings. Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 3: 74-79
Zhang, F., Shi, W., Jim, Z. and Shen, Z. (2003). Response of antioxidative enzymes in cucumber chloroplasts to cadmium toxicity. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 26: 1779-1788.
