بررسی جوانهزنی بذر و تغییرات فیتوشیمیایی دو توده گل گاوزبان ایرانی (Echium amuenum Fisch & C.A.Mey) تحت تاثیر منطقه کشت
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکمنیژه خورسندی آقایی 1 , عظیم قاسم نژاد 2 , سید جواد موسوی زاده 3 , اسماعیل باباخانزاده سجیرانی 4
1 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
2 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
3 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
4 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران شمال، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: گیاهان دارویی, جوانهزنی بذر, آنتوسیانین, فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی, گل گاوزبان ایرانی, خواب فیزیولوژیک,
چکیده مقاله :
گل گاو زبان (Echium amoenum) از مهمترین گیاهان تیره Boragicaceae است. به منظور تعیین مناسبترین روش برای شکستن خواب بذر، تحقیق حاضر در قالب دو آزمایش انجام شد. آزمایش اول با بذور دو جمعیت گل گاوزبان جمع آوری شده از مشهد و جواهرده در قالب آزمایش فاکتوریل با 3 تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای پیش رویشی استفاده شده در این تحقیق عبارتنداز: تیمار بذور مرطوب شده در دمای 4 درجه سانتیگراد بهمدت ۷، ۱۴ و ۲۱ روز متوالی در دمای یخچال، تیمار بذور با اسید جیبرلیک 500 پی پی ام به مدت ۲۴ ساعت و تیمار بذور با اسید سولفوریک ۵۰ درصد به مدت ۱۰ دقیقه. آزمایش دوم در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در مکان و زمان در دو فصل زراعی با چهار تکرار، با استفاده از دو توده به صورت همزمان در گرگان و مشهد کشت شد تا اثر اقلیم بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گل مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. نتایج نشان داد که خواب بذر گل گاوزبان ایرانی از نوع فیزیولوژیک است، زیرا بیشترین درصد جوانه زنی بذرها در اثر اعمال تیمار پیش سرمای مرطوب در ۷ روز به دست آمد. مقایسه توده های مذکور در دو منطقه نشان داد که عملکرد گل و میزان متابولیت های ثانویه (آنتوسیانین، فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی، فنل و فلاونوئید) گیاهان کشت شده در مشهد نسبت به گرگان مطلوب تر بود. لذا با توجه به مقاومت نسبی گیاه به کم آب پیشنهاد می گردد که گسترش کشت این گیاه در خراسان رضوی مورد ارزیابی بیشتری قرار گیرد. همچنین پیش تیمار 7 روز سرمادهی مرطوب برای تسهیل و یکنواختی جوانه زنی پیشنهاد می گردد.
Iranianborage (Echium amoenum) is one of the most important plants of Boragicaceae. In order to determine the most suitable method of overcoming seed dormancy of this plant, the present study was conducted in two different experiments. The first experiment was carried out using seeds collected from Mashhad and Javaherdeh based on a factorial study with three replications. Pretreatments were seed treatment at 4° C for 7, 14, and 21 consecutive days under refrigerated temperature, seed treatment with 500 ppm gibberellic acid for 24 hours, and seed treatment with 50% sulfuric acid for 10 minutes. The second experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in time and location in two years and two locations of Gorgan and Mashhad. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of climate on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the flower. Results showed that Iranian borage seed has physiological dormancy since the maximum seed germination percentage was obtained by applying pre-cooling treatments in 7 days. Comparison of the two locations revealed more favorable flower yield and secondary metabolite accumulation (anthocyanin, antioxidant, phenol and flavonoid) in plants cultivated in Mashhad region. Therefore, due to the relative resistance of the plant to water deficit, the cultivation of this plant in Mashhad is suggested to be further evaluated. Also, pre-treatment of 7 days of moist chilling is also recommended to facilitate the germination uniformity.
Abed, A., Minaiyan, M., Ghannadi, A., Mahzouni, P. and Babavalian, MR. (2012). Effect of Echium amoenum Fisch. et Mey a traditional Iranian herbal remedy in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis. International Scholarly Research Notice Gastroenterology. 14(1): 48- 54.
Amoo Aghai, R. and Vali Vand, M.(2014). Effect of cold time, concentration, type and time of nitrogen treatments on germination and growth of Rosus celery (Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff). Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology).27 (3): 462-468.
Andrade, E.H.A., Alves, C.N., Guimarães, E.F., Carreira, L.M.M. and Maia, J.G.S. (2011). Variability in essential oil composition of Piper dilatatum LC Rich. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 39(4):669-75.
Asadi, E.M. and Heshmati, Gh.E.(2015).The effect of different treatments on breaking the sleep and stimulating germination of (Thymus transcaucasicus Ronn) and (Zataria moltiflora Boiss) seedlings. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Biology Journal), 28 (1): 12-24.(In persian)
Babakhanzade Sajirani, E. (2015). Persian blooming flower. Negin Eshvakat Gilan. First Printing, Exquisite Exhibitions .93 p.
Baskin, C.C., Meyer., S.E. and J.M. Baskin. (2004). Two type morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of two genera Osmorhiza and Erythronium with an Arcto- Tertiary distribution pattern. American Journal of Botany. 82: 293-298
Benech-Arnold, R.L., Sanchez, R.A., Forcella, F., Kruk, B.C. and Ghersa, C.M. (2000). Environmental control of dormancy in weed seed banks in soil.Field Crops Research. 67: 105-122.
Chen, X-Q. and Xiao, J. (2005). HPLC-DAD determination of flavonoids: separation of quercetin, luteolin and apigenin in Marchantia Convoluta. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 3:175-181.
Esmaili, A., Hosseini Moghadam, H. and Mostafa Loo, H.(2017). Investigating the effect of different treatments on breaking of sleep and stimulating seed germination( Astragalus podolobus). New Findings in Biotechnology, 4(2): 147-154.(In persion)
Habibi, H., Mazaheri., D., Majnoun Hosseini., N., Chaeichi., M.R., Fakhr Tabatabaei, M. and Bigdeli, M. ( 2007). Effect of altitude on essential oil and components in wild thyme (Thymus kotschyanus Boiss) Taleghan region. Pajouhesh Va Sazandegi, 19(4):2–10.(In Persian)
Hall, R.D. and Wiesner, L.E.(1990). Relationship between seed vigor tests and field performance of Regar meadow bromegrass. Crop Scientific. 30: 967-970.
Hasanvand, H., Siadat, S.E., Bakhshande, E., Moradi Talavat, M.R. and Posht Dar, E. (2018). Performance evaluation and some physiological characteristics of Borago officinalis L. under plant density and different planting dates in Ahvaz region. Iranian Journal of Medicinal Plants and Herbs Research. 34 (1): 1-16.
Hooshidari, F., Sefid Can, F, Tabai Aghdai, S.R. and Yosefi, B. (2018). Investigation of quantitative and qualitative changes of (Satureja mutica Fisch. & C. A. Mey) in Cultural Conditions of Kurdistan. Journal of Horticultural Science, 10: 2-49.
Kazemizadeh, Z., Habibi, Z. and Moradi A. (2010). Investigation of the essential oil composition of CaspianTeucrium species (Teucrium hyrcanicum L.) in two different localities. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Arom Plant, 9:73-67.
Khalasi Ahvazi, L., Heshmati, Gh. E. and Zofen, P., M. (2015).Effect of environmental factors on the antioxidant activity of (Gundelia tournefortii L.) in different vegetative stages. Scientific Journal of Rangeland, 10(2):237-246.
Koornneff, M., Bentsink, L. and Hilhors, H.(2002). Seed dormancy and germination. Plant Growth and Development, 5:33-36.
Maki Zade Tafty, M., Tavakol Afshari, R., Majnoon Hosseini, N., Naghdi Badi, H.E. and Mehdi Zade, E. (2006). The effect of osmotic preparation on seedling germination
of Borogolicinalis L. in order to optimize production. Journal of Research in Iranian Herbs and Medicinal Herbs, 22(3): 216-222.
Mir Jalili, M.H., Fakhr atabai, M. and Omidbeigi, R. (2005). Study of the adaptation and evaluation of lemon grass essential oil. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 36: 33-41.
Omidbeigi, R. (2005). Production and processing of medicinal plants. BehNashr. Mashhad. 1:1- 347.
Sarmadnia, GH. (1996). Seed technology. Pubications University of Mashhad.288 p. (In Persian)
Scott, S.J., Jones, R.A. and Williams, W.A. (1984). Review of data analysis methods for seed germination. Crop Science, 24: 1192-1199.
Soleimani maymand, F. (2011). The investigation of phytochemical of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl and its relation with ecological condition in the west area of Isfahan province. MSc thesis in Isfahan University of Technology, 95p. (In Persian)
Soltani, A. (2007). Application of SAS in statistical analysis. Jihad Daneshgahi Mashhad Press, 20. Mashhad, Iran. 180-188.
Tekroni, D.M. and Egli, D.B. (1991). Relationship of seed vigor to crop yield. A Review Crop Science. 31: 816-822.
_||_Abed, A., Minaiyan, M., Ghannadi, A., Mahzouni, P. and Babavalian, MR. (2012). Effect of Echium amoenum Fisch. et Mey a traditional Iranian herbal remedy in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis. International Scholarly Research Notice Gastroenterology. 14(1): 48- 54.
Amoo Aghai, R. and Vali Vand, M.(2014). Effect of cold time, concentration, type and time of nitrogen treatments on germination and growth of Rosus celery (Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff). Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology).27 (3): 462-468.
Andrade, E.H.A., Alves, C.N., Guimarães, E.F., Carreira, L.M.M. and Maia, J.G.S. (2011). Variability in essential oil composition of Piper dilatatum LC Rich. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 39(4):669-75.
Asadi, E.M. and Heshmati, Gh.E.(2015).The effect of different treatments on breaking the sleep and stimulating germination of (Thymus transcaucasicus Ronn) and (Zataria moltiflora Boiss) seedlings. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Biology Journal), 28 (1): 12-24.(In persian)
Babakhanzade Sajirani, E. (2015). Persian blooming flower. Negin Eshvakat Gilan. First Printing, Exquisite Exhibitions .93 p.
Baskin, C.C., Meyer., S.E. and J.M. Baskin. (2004). Two type morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of two genera Osmorhiza and Erythronium with an Arcto- Tertiary distribution pattern. American Journal of Botany. 82: 293-298
Benech-Arnold, R.L., Sanchez, R.A., Forcella, F., Kruk, B.C. and Ghersa, C.M. (2000). Environmental control of dormancy in weed seed banks in soil.Field Crops Research. 67: 105-122.
Chen, X-Q. and Xiao, J. (2005). HPLC-DAD determination of flavonoids: separation of quercetin, luteolin and apigenin in Marchantia Convoluta. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 3:175-181.
Esmaili, A., Hosseini Moghadam, H. and Mostafa Loo, H.(2017). Investigating the effect of different treatments on breaking of sleep and stimulating seed germination( Astragalus podolobus). New Findings in Biotechnology, 4(2): 147-154.(In persion)
Habibi, H., Mazaheri., D., Majnoun Hosseini., N., Chaeichi., M.R., Fakhr Tabatabaei, M. and Bigdeli, M. ( 2007). Effect of altitude on essential oil and components in wild thyme (Thymus kotschyanus Boiss) Taleghan region. Pajouhesh Va Sazandegi, 19(4):2–10.(In Persian)
Hall, R.D. and Wiesner, L.E.(1990). Relationship between seed vigor tests and field performance of Regar meadow bromegrass. Crop Scientific. 30: 967-970.
Hasanvand, H., Siadat, S.E., Bakhshande, E., Moradi Talavat, M.R. and Posht Dar, E. (2018). Performance evaluation and some physiological characteristics of Borago officinalis L. under plant density and different planting dates in Ahvaz region. Iranian Journal of Medicinal Plants and Herbs Research. 34 (1): 1-16.
Hooshidari, F., Sefid Can, F, Tabai Aghdai, S.R. and Yosefi, B. (2018). Investigation of quantitative and qualitative changes of (Satureja mutica Fisch. & C. A. Mey) in Cultural Conditions of Kurdistan. Journal of Horticultural Science, 10: 2-49.
Kazemizadeh, Z., Habibi, Z. and Moradi A. (2010). Investigation of the essential oil composition of CaspianTeucrium species (Teucrium hyrcanicum L.) in two different localities. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Arom Plant, 9:73-67.
Khalasi Ahvazi, L., Heshmati, Gh. E. and Zofen, P., M. (2015).Effect of environmental factors on the antioxidant activity of (Gundelia tournefortii L.) in different vegetative stages. Scientific Journal of Rangeland, 10(2):237-246.
Koornneff, M., Bentsink, L. and Hilhors, H.(2002). Seed dormancy and germination. Plant Growth and Development, 5:33-36.
Maki Zade Tafty, M., Tavakol Afshari, R., Majnoon Hosseini, N., Naghdi Badi, H.E. and Mehdi Zade, E. (2006). The effect of osmotic preparation on seedling germination
of Borogolicinalis L. in order to optimize production. Journal of Research in Iranian Herbs and Medicinal Herbs, 22(3): 216-222.
Mir Jalili, M.H., Fakhr atabai, M. and Omidbeigi, R. (2005). Study of the adaptation and evaluation of lemon grass essential oil. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 36: 33-41.
Omidbeigi, R. (2005). Production and processing of medicinal plants. BehNashr. Mashhad. 1:1- 347.
Sarmadnia, GH. (1996). Seed technology. Pubications University of Mashhad.288 p. (In Persian)
Scott, S.J., Jones, R.A. and Williams, W.A. (1984). Review of data analysis methods for seed germination. Crop Science, 24: 1192-1199.
Soleimani maymand, F. (2011). The investigation of phytochemical of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl and its relation with ecological condition in the west area of Isfahan province. MSc thesis in Isfahan University of Technology, 95p. (In Persian)
Soltani, A. (2007). Application of SAS in statistical analysis. Jihad Daneshgahi Mashhad Press, 20. Mashhad, Iran. 180-188.
Tekroni, D.M. and Egli, D.B. (1991). Relationship of seed vigor to crop yield. A Review Crop Science. 31: 816-822.