بررسی ساختار توده‌های بنه (Pistacia atlantica) در مناطق قرق و غیر قرق ( منطقه حفاظت شده باغ شادی یزد)
محورهای موضوعی :
جنگلداری
یونس گراوند
1
,
سید محسن حسینی
2
,
کورش احمدی
3
,
علی قمی اویلی
4
,
علیرضا احمدی
5
1 - دانشجوی دکتری جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران
2 - استاد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران.
3 - دانشجوی دکتری جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران
4 - دانشجوی دکتری جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران
5 - کارشناس تجهیزات، اداره کل نوسازی توسعه و تجهیز مدارس استان مازندران، ساری، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1394/08/26
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/04/22
تاریخ انتشار : 1395/06/01
کلید واژه:
Pistacia atlantica,
استان یزد,
ساختار جنگل,
باغ شادی,
چکیده مقاله :
مطالعه ساختار جنگل، امروزه از مباحث مورد توجه و ضروری به ویژه در راستای اهداف جنگل شناسی نزدیک به طبیعت است. پژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی ساختار توده های بنه (Pistacia atlantica) در منطقه حفاظت شده باغ شادی در استان یزد صورت گرفت. در این پژوهش از روش آماربرداری با قطعات نمونه دارای مساحت ثابت استفاده شد. در مجموع تعداد 76 قطعه نمونه دایره ای در دو منطقه قرق و غیرقرق برداشت شد و در هر قطعه نمونه خصوصیات درختان از قبیل نوع گونه، تعداد، ارتفاع، زادآوری، قطر تاج، قطر برابر سینه و سطح مقطع اندازه گیری و ثبت شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزارهای Spss و Excel و ساختار توده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SVS ترسیم شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که گونه بنه در هر دو منطقه قرق و غیرقرق به عنوان گونه اصلی و غالب حضور دارد. درختان بنه در منطقه قرق شاداب تر از منطقه غیرقرق می باشند. به نحوی که در منطقه قرق میانگین قطر برابر سینه درختان بنه 02/42 سانتیمتر، میانگین حجم 8/8 سیلو در هکتار و میانگین ارتفاع 54/6 متر برآورد شد. ساختار توده در منطقه قرق ناهمسال و در منطقه غیرقرق همسال می باشد، که در منطقه قرق این توده ها از پشتوانه خوبی برخوردار می باشند. همچنین زادآوری در منطقه قرق به خوبی صورت گرفته ولی در منطقه غیرقرق زادآوری به ندرت صورت می گیرد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Study of forest structure is important, especially in today's discussions of the importance of close to Nature silviculture purposes. This study was conducted to evaluate for stands of Pistachio (Pistacia atlantica) structure in the Baghe Shadi protected area in Yazd province. In this study, the sampling method with a fixed area plot has been used. A total of 76 circular plots was harvested in the protected and grazed and trees in each plot characteristic such as species, number, height, regeneration, crown diameter, diameter at breast height and basal area measurements were recorded. Data analysis using software Spss and Excel, and then drawn the Stand structure using SVS software. The results showed that in both regions, species pistachio, protected and grazed as the main and dominant species. Pistachio trees in the protected lush area to be grazed. in the way that in both regions protected the mean diameter at breast of pistachio trees 42.02 cm, the average size of 8.8 acre and the average height of the silo 54.6 m, respectively. Average volume of 8.8 silo ha, And the mean height 6.54 m, were estimated. Uneven-aged stand structure closed the area and even-aged grazed areas, which are well supported by the stands of the closed area. The regeneration of the grazing region is well done, but of the grazing region regeneration rarely occurs.
منابع و مأخذ:
Alijani, v., J. Feghhi, M. Zobeiri, & M.R. Marvie Mohadjer, 2013. Investigation on Different types of forest structure using nearest neighbor index (Case Study: Gorazbon Section forest Kheyrood). Journal of Applied Ecology, 2(2): 13-23.
Amiri, M., D. Dargahi, D. Azadfar, & H, Habashi, 2009. Comparison Structure of the natural and managed Oak (Quercus castaneifolia) Stand (shelter wood system) in Forest of Loveh, Gorgan. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 15(6):54- 64.(In Persian).
Angres, V.A, Ch. Messier, M. Beaaudet, & A. Leduc, 2005. Comparing composition and structure in old- growth and harvested (selection and diameter-limit cuts) northern hardwood stands in Quebec. Forest ecology and Management, 217: 275-293.
Consulting Engineers of Iran, 2008. Plan of Management Baghe Shadi Jangle Protected Area) Volumes 1-8.(
Danehkar, A. & S.Gh. Jalali, 2005. Avicennia marina forest structure using line plot method. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi No, 67: 18-24.
Daniel, T.W, J.A. Helms, & F.S. Baker, 1979. Principles of silviculture. McGraw-HILL publication, 500 pp.
Eslami, A.R. & Kh. Sagheb Talbi, 2006. Investigation on the structure of pure and mixed beech forests in north of Iran ( Neka- ZaLemrud region ). Pajouhesh & Sazandegi No, 77: 39- 46. .(In Persian).
Esteghamat, M., 2003. The effect of structure on the regeneration in the natural and managed stands (shelter wood system) in the Ziarat forest (Gorgan). M.Sc. the thesis of Natural Resources Forestry. Gorgan University of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, 110pp. .(In Persian).
Fallah, A., M. Zobeyri, M.H. Jazirei, & M.R. Marvie Mohadjer, 2000. An Investigation of the Structure Caspian Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands in Gorazbon- Kheyroudkenar District. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 53(4): 251- 260. .(In Persian).
Garavand, Y., M.H. Irannezhad parizi, B. Kiani, & M. Hasanzadeh, 2015. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pistacia trees in protected and grazed areas (Baghe shadi protected area, Yazd). Journal of plants and ecosystems, 11(42): 91- 105. .(In Persian).
Hosseini, A., S.M. Hosseini, A, Rahmani, & D. Azadfar, 2012. Effect of tree mortality on structure of Brant's oak (Quercus brantii) forests of Ilam province of Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 20(4): 565- 577. .(In Persian).
Hosseinzadeh, J., M. Namiranian, M.R. Marvi Mohajer, & Gh. Zahedi Amiri, 2004. Structure of less degraded oak forests in Ilam province. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 57: 1. 75-90. .(In Persian).
Korpel, S.,1998. Degree of equilibutions, and dynamical changes of the forest on example of natural forests of Slovia, Zvolen- Czechoslovakia, 23pp.
Mahdiani, A.R., H. Heydari, R. Rahmani, & D. Azadfar, 2010. Structure of Oak (Quercus macranthera) Forest Stands in the Golestan Province. Journal of Wood and Forestry Science and Technology, 19(2): 23-42. .(In Persian).
Marvie Mohadjer, M.R., 2005. Silviculture. Tehran University. press, 387p. .(In Persian).
Mattaji, A. & M. Namiranian, 2002. Investigating the structure and Evolution Process of Beech Forests Natural Stands in North of Iran (Case study: Kheyrood- kenar, Noushahr). Journal of Natural Resources Irene, 55(4): 531- 541. .(In Persian).
Pourhashemi, M., M. Zandebasiri. & p.Panahi, 2014. Structural characteristics of oak coppice stands of Marivan Forests. Journal of Plant, 27(5): 766- 776. .(In Persian).
Rostamikia, Y. & M. Zobeiri, 2013. Study on The Structure of Juniperus excelsa Beib Stand in Khakhal Protected Forests. Journal of Wood & Forest Science and Technology, 19(4): 151- 162. .(In Persian).
RouhiMoghaddam, E., S.M. Hosseini, E. Ebrahimi, A. Rahmani, & M. Tabari, 2011. The Regeneration Structure and Biodiversity of Trees and Shrub Species in Understory of Pure and Mixed Oak Plantations. Journal of Envieronmental Sciences, 8(3): 57-68.
Safa Eisini, H., A. Danehkar, & E. Kamrani, 2006. A Study on the Mangrove Forest Structure at the Koolaghan, Tiyab and Kolahi Regions in the Strait of Hormoz (North Part of Persian Gulf). Journal of Environmental Sciences, 11: 1-10.
Taheri, E., 2009. Jangale Baghe Shadi Protected Area, Publications Office of the Environmental Protection Yazd, 24pp. .(In Persian).
Zobeiri, M. 2008. Forest Biometry. University of Tehran Press, 407 pp. .(In Persian).
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Alijani, v., J. Feghhi, M. Zobeiri, & M.R. Marvie Mohadjer, 2013. Investigation on Different types of forest structure using nearest neighbor index (Case Study: Gorazbon Section forest Kheyrood). Journal of Applied Ecology, 2(2): 13-23.
Amiri, M., D. Dargahi, D. Azadfar, & H, Habashi, 2009. Comparison Structure of the natural and managed Oak (Quercus castaneifolia) Stand (shelter wood system) in Forest of Loveh, Gorgan. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 15(6):54- 64.(In Persian).
Angres, V.A, Ch. Messier, M. Beaaudet, & A. Leduc, 2005. Comparing composition and structure in old- growth and harvested (selection and diameter-limit cuts) northern hardwood stands in Quebec. Forest ecology and Management, 217: 275-293.
Consulting Engineers of Iran, 2008. Plan of Management Baghe Shadi Jangle Protected Area) Volumes 1-8.(
Danehkar, A. & S.Gh. Jalali, 2005. Avicennia marina forest structure using line plot method. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi No, 67: 18-24.
Daniel, T.W, J.A. Helms, & F.S. Baker, 1979. Principles of silviculture. McGraw-HILL publication, 500 pp.
Eslami, A.R. & Kh. Sagheb Talbi, 2006. Investigation on the structure of pure and mixed beech forests in north of Iran ( Neka- ZaLemrud region ). Pajouhesh & Sazandegi No, 77: 39- 46. .(In Persian).
Esteghamat, M., 2003. The effect of structure on the regeneration in the natural and managed stands (shelter wood system) in the Ziarat forest (Gorgan). M.Sc. the thesis of Natural Resources Forestry. Gorgan University of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, 110pp. .(In Persian).
Fallah, A., M. Zobeyri, M.H. Jazirei, & M.R. Marvie Mohadjer, 2000. An Investigation of the Structure Caspian Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands in Gorazbon- Kheyroudkenar District. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 53(4): 251- 260. .(In Persian).
Garavand, Y., M.H. Irannezhad parizi, B. Kiani, & M. Hasanzadeh, 2015. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pistacia trees in protected and grazed areas (Baghe shadi protected area, Yazd). Journal of plants and ecosystems, 11(42): 91- 105. .(In Persian).
Hosseini, A., S.M. Hosseini, A, Rahmani, & D. Azadfar, 2012. Effect of tree mortality on structure of Brant's oak (Quercus brantii) forests of Ilam province of Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 20(4): 565- 577. .(In Persian).
Hosseinzadeh, J., M. Namiranian, M.R. Marvi Mohajer, & Gh. Zahedi Amiri, 2004. Structure of less degraded oak forests in Ilam province. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 57: 1. 75-90. .(In Persian).
Korpel, S.,1998. Degree of equilibutions, and dynamical changes of the forest on example of natural forests of Slovia, Zvolen- Czechoslovakia, 23pp.
Mahdiani, A.R., H. Heydari, R. Rahmani, & D. Azadfar, 2010. Structure of Oak (Quercus macranthera) Forest Stands in the Golestan Province. Journal of Wood and Forestry Science and Technology, 19(2): 23-42. .(In Persian).
Marvie Mohadjer, M.R., 2005. Silviculture. Tehran University. press, 387p. .(In Persian).
Mattaji, A. & M. Namiranian, 2002. Investigating the structure and Evolution Process of Beech Forests Natural Stands in North of Iran (Case study: Kheyrood- kenar, Noushahr). Journal of Natural Resources Irene, 55(4): 531- 541. .(In Persian).
Pourhashemi, M., M. Zandebasiri. & p.Panahi, 2014. Structural characteristics of oak coppice stands of Marivan Forests. Journal of Plant, 27(5): 766- 776. .(In Persian).
Rostamikia, Y. & M. Zobeiri, 2013. Study on The Structure of Juniperus excelsa Beib Stand in Khakhal Protected Forests. Journal of Wood & Forest Science and Technology, 19(4): 151- 162. .(In Persian).
RouhiMoghaddam, E., S.M. Hosseini, E. Ebrahimi, A. Rahmani, & M. Tabari, 2011. The Regeneration Structure and Biodiversity of Trees and Shrub Species in Understory of Pure and Mixed Oak Plantations. Journal of Envieronmental Sciences, 8(3): 57-68.
Safa Eisini, H., A. Danehkar, & E. Kamrani, 2006. A Study on the Mangrove Forest Structure at the Koolaghan, Tiyab and Kolahi Regions in the Strait of Hormoz (North Part of Persian Gulf). Journal of Environmental Sciences, 11: 1-10.
Taheri, E., 2009. Jangale Baghe Shadi Protected Area, Publications Office of the Environmental Protection Yazd, 24pp. .(In Persian).
Zobeiri, M. 2008. Forest Biometry. University of Tehran Press, 407 pp. .(In Persian).
