اولویتبندی عوامل مورفومتری موثر بر تشکیل مخروطافکنه با استفاده از روش رگرسیون چندمتغیره (مطالعه موردی: دامنهی جنوبی البرز؛ استان سمنان)
محورهای موضوعی :
جنگلداری
عیسی جوکار سرهنگی
1
,
رضا اسماعیلی
2
,
سمیه فخرالدین
3
1 - دانشیار گروه جغرافیا دانشگاه مازندران
2 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا ، دانشگاه مازندران
3 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد ژئومرفولوژی دانشگاه مازندران
تاریخ دریافت : 1394/06/05
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/04/26
تاریخ انتشار : 1395/11/03
کلید واژه:
رگرسیون چندمتغیره,
مخروطافکنه,
مورفومتری,
دامنه جنوبی البرز,
چکیده مقاله :
بین حوزه های آبخیز و مخروط افکنه ها به عنوان مهم ترین اشکال ناهمواری های مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک، روابطی وجود دارد که استفاده از آن ها هم ابعاد مخروط افکنه ها را مشخص می کند و هم تاثیر عوامل مختلف در شکل گیری مخروط افکنه ها را به صورت کمّی نشان می دهد. در تحقیق حاضر جهت یافتن مناسب ترین مدل در دامنه ی جنوبی البرز در استان سمنان از ویژگی های مورفومتری حوزه ها استفاده شده است. برای این منظور، محدوده ی 44 حوزه آبخیز و مخروط افکنه های وابسته به آن ها با استفاده از نقشه های توپوگرافی رقومی منطقه تعیین شد؛ همچنین محیط نرم افزاریGoogel Earth برای دقت بیشتر مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. در مرحله ی بعد، خصوصیات یازده گانه فیزیوگرافی حوزه های آبخیز، شامل : مساحت، محیط، میانگین ارتفاع، اختلاف ارتفاع، شیب حوزه، طول حوزه، طول کل آبراهه ها، طول آبراهه اصلی، ضریب شکل حوضه، شیب آبراهه اصلی و تراکم زهکشی به کمک سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی(GIS) حاصل شد. سپس ارتباط بین ابعاد مخروط افکنه ها به عنوان متغیر وابسته، با کمّیت های مورفولوژی حوزه ها به عنوان متغیرهای مستقل، به کمک نرم افزار SPSS و روش رگرسیون چند متغیره مورد بررسی آماری قرار گرفت. نتایج بیانگر آن است که از میان عوامل مستقل، به ترتیب متغیرهای مساحت، محیط، طول حوضه، طول کل آبراهه، طول آبراهه اصلی و تراکم زهکشی حوزه های آبخیز بیش ترین تأثیر را در گسترش ابعاد مخروط افکنه ها داشتند و توانستند به مدل رگرسیونی راه یابند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
There are relations between water basins and alluvial fans as important forms in arid and semi an arid region which show the dimensions of alluvial fans and also indicate the impacts of different factors in the formation of alluvial fans quantatively. With respect to the fact that the dimensions of alluvial fans are under influence of their morphometric factors of watershed basins; this research used morphmetrical features to find the most suitable model in the southern slops of Alborz Semnan province. For this purpose, 44 water basins and alluvial fans associated with them were determined using 1:500000 topographic maps. Also for more accuracy Google Earth Pro6 software, were used. In the next stage, 11 watershed physiographic characteristics were obtained including: area, perimeter, mean of height, elevation, gradient, basin length, total length of waterways, and length of the main channel, basin shape coefficient, main channel gradient, and drainage density with the help of Geographic Information System (GIS). Then relationship between alluvial fans Dimension as a dependent variable with the quantities of basin morphology as independent variables were analyzed using SPSS software and multiple regression. The results indicate that among the independent factors, the variables of area, perimeter, length, area, channel length, main channel length and the density of water drainage basins, had the most influence on the development of alluvial fans respectively and able to find a regression model.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Bahrami, S.H & K. Bahrami. 2011. Assessment of Geomorphologic Techniques for Identification of the Old and New Alluvial Cone for the Purpose of Specifying Susceptible Areas to Flood in Four Alluvial Cones in Folded Zagros, Geography and Development Journal, 9(22): 89-106. .( in persian)
Blissenbach, E. 1954. Geology of alluvial fans in semiarid regions, Geol. Soc .Am. Bull, 65: 15.
Bull, W. B. 1964. Geomorphology of segmented alluvial fans in western FresnoCounty, California, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper.
Dorn, R. I., M., DeNiro & H. Ajie.. 1987. Isotopic Evidence for climatic Influence on alluvial fan Development in Daeth Valley, California, Geomorphology,15:108-110
Eckis, R. 1928. Alluvial fans in the Cucamonga district, southern California. J. Geo. 36:30.
Field, J. J & P. A. Pearthree.. 1997. Geomorphologic Flood-Hazard assessment of alluvial fans and piedmonts. Journal of Geoscience Education, 45:10.
Goorabi, A & M. Yamani. 2012. Quantity Relationships between Characteristics of Drainage Basin and Theirs Alluvial Fan in Central Iran, Quantitative Geographical Researches, 1(2): 1-16. .( in persian)
Kostachuk, R.A., G.M. Macdonald & P.E. Putnam. 1986. Depositional Process and alluvial fan-Drainage basin morphometric relationships near Banff, Alberta, Canada: Earth Surfave Procsses and landforms, 11:13.
Maghsodi, M., 2001. Assessment of Effective Factors on Evolution of Alluvial Fans Sirjan Depression, Ph.D Thesis of Geography, University of Tehran. .( in persian)
Maghsoudi, M., 2008. Assessment of Effective Factors on Evolution of Alluvial Fans Case Study: Jajroud Alluvial Fan, Physical Geography Research Quarterly,.65, : 73-92.
Maghsodi, M & V. Mohammadnejad,. 2011. Alluvial Fans Geomorphology,University of Tehran. .( in persian)
Mokhtari Kashki, D., 2003. Analysis of the Morphometric Characteristics Relationships of Alluvial Fans with Basin, Case Study: Basins and Alluvial Fans of the Mishu Dagh Northern Slopes (Azerbaijan, Northwest Iran), Geographical Research, 71(1): 36-46. .( in persian)
Rameshat, M.H., A. Seyf., S. S. Shah-Zeidi & M. Entezari,. 2009. The Influence of Active Tectonic on Morphology of Derakhtangan Alluvial Fan of (Shahdad in Kerman), Geography and Development Journal, 7(16): 29-46.
Shayan, S. 2003. Geomorphologic Characteristics of Basin Gamasiab Alluvial Fan, Researches in Geography, 35(46):99-113.
Valo, M., A. G. Sylvester,. 1997. The Relationship Between Geology and Landform Along a Coastal Mountain Front, Northern Calabria, Itly; Earth Surface Processes And Landforms
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Abedini, M & A. Rajaie.. 2006. Effect of Influencing Factors in the Development and Evolution of Alluvial Fans in the Dareh Dezeh Region By New Methods and Techniques, Researches in Geography, 55(2):73-90. .( in persian)
Alizadeh, A. 2010. Principle of Applied Hydrology 5th ed., University of Amam Reza, Meshhad. .( in persian)
Bahrami, S.H & K. Bahrami. 2011. Assessment of Geomorphologic Techniques for Identification of the Old and New Alluvial Cone for the Purpose of Specifying Susceptible Areas to Flood in Four Alluvial Cones in Folded Zagros, Geography and Development Journal, 9(22): 89-106. .( in persian)
Blissenbach, E. 1954. Geology of alluvial fans in semiarid regions, Geol. Soc .Am. Bull, 65: 15.
Bull, W. B. 1964. Geomorphology of segmented alluvial fans in western FresnoCounty, California, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper.
Dorn, R. I., M., DeNiro & H. Ajie.. 1987. Isotopic Evidence for climatic Influence on alluvial fan Development in Daeth Valley, California, Geomorphology,15:108-110
Eckis, R. 1928. Alluvial fans in the Cucamonga district, southern California. J. Geo. 36:30.
Field, J. J & P. A. Pearthree.. 1997. Geomorphologic Flood-Hazard assessment of alluvial fans and piedmonts. Journal of Geoscience Education, 45:10.
Goorabi, A & M. Yamani. 2012. Quantity Relationships between Characteristics of Drainage Basin and Theirs Alluvial Fan in Central Iran, Quantitative Geographical Researches, 1(2): 1-16. .( in persian)
Kostachuk, R.A., G.M. Macdonald & P.E. Putnam. 1986. Depositional Process and alluvial fan-Drainage basin morphometric relationships near Banff, Alberta, Canada: Earth Surfave Procsses and landforms, 11:13.
Maghsodi, M., 2001. Assessment of Effective Factors on Evolution of Alluvial Fans Sirjan Depression, Ph.D Thesis of Geography, University of Tehran. .( in persian)
Maghsoudi, M., 2008. Assessment of Effective Factors on Evolution of Alluvial Fans Case Study: Jajroud Alluvial Fan, Physical Geography Research Quarterly,.65, : 73-92.
Maghsodi, M & V. Mohammadnejad,. 2011. Alluvial Fans Geomorphology,University of Tehran. .( in persian)
Mokhtari Kashki, D., 2003. Analysis of the Morphometric Characteristics Relationships of Alluvial Fans with Basin, Case Study: Basins and Alluvial Fans of the Mishu Dagh Northern Slopes (Azerbaijan, Northwest Iran), Geographical Research, 71(1): 36-46. .( in persian)
Rameshat, M.H., A. Seyf., S. S. Shah-Zeidi & M. Entezari,. 2009. The Influence of Active Tectonic on Morphology of Derakhtangan Alluvial Fan of (Shahdad in Kerman), Geography and Development Journal, 7(16): 29-46.
Shayan, S. 2003. Geomorphologic Characteristics of Basin Gamasiab Alluvial Fan, Researches in Geography, 35(46):99-113.
Valo, M., A. G. Sylvester,. 1997. The Relationship Between Geology and Landform Along a Coastal Mountain Front, Northern Calabria, Itly; Earth Surface Processes And Landforms