Design and Fabrication of Bone Scaffold Using Ceramic Composite Filament by 3D Printer

محورهای موضوعی : Composite materials

Hamideh Soleymani asl ¹ (Department of Aerospace Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran)
Fatemeh Kalantarzadeh ² (School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran)
Mina Alafzadeh ³ (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran)
Mojdeh Azizi ⁴ (Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Yazd, Iran)
Mahyar Soheily ⁵ (Department of Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran)

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/01/02 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/03/16 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/04/10

کلید واژه: 3D Printer, Bone Scaffold, Polylactic Acid, Composite filament, Ceramic powder,

چکیده مقاله :

The aging of the middle-aged portion of the population has increased the need for bone tissue scaffolds that help in healing damaged tissue. A 3D printer would be an efficient method for faster and more accurate production of bone scaffolds. This research mainly aims to investigate the pore configuration and the effect of two common ceramic particles (hydroxyapatite (HA) and bioactive glass) on bone scaffold production via fused deposition modeling (FDM). The scaffold building began by determining the optimal scaffold design with respect to percentage porosity and pore shape. The results show that a bone scaffold with square pores and a porosity of 20% is the optimal design. Then, composite filaments made of Polylactic acid (PLA) and the mentioned ceramic particles were prepared. Subsequently, the bone scaffold with a suitable porosity was built using the 3D printer. The results indicated that an appropriate and homogeneous composite with optimal design can constitute a suitable bone scaffold that can benefit from improved biodegradability, adequate mechanical strength, and increased bone regeneration time.

منابع و مأخذ:

[1] DR. Nisbet, JS. Forsythe, W. Shen, DI. Finkels tein and MK. Horne, “A Review of the Cellular Response on Electrospun Nanofibers for Tissue Engineering”, J. Biomater. Appl, 24, 2009,pp. 7-29

[2] K. Fujihara, M. Kotaki and S. Ramakrishna, “Guided bone regeneration membrane made of polycaprolactone/calcium carbonate composite nano-fibers”, Biomaterials, 26(19), 2005, pp. 4139-4147

[3] JY. Rho, L. Kuhn-Spearing and P. Zioupos, “Mechanical properties and the hierarchical structure of bone”, Med Eng Phys., 20 ,1998, pp. 92-102

[4] G. Lalwani, SC. Patel and B. Sitharaman, “Two-and Three-dimensional All-carbon Nanomaterial Assemblies for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine”, Ann Biomed Eng, 44, 2016, pp. 2020-2035

[5] S. Yang, K. F. Leong, Z. Du and C. K. Chua. “The design of scaffolds for use in tissue engineering. Part II. Rapid prototyping techniques”, Tissue Eng., 8, 2002, pp. 1–11

[6] K. F. Leong, C. M. Cheah and C. K. Chua, “Solid freeform fabrication of threedimensional scaffolds for engineering replacement tissues and organs”, Biomaterials, 24, 2003, pp. 2363–2378

[7] L. Lin, A. Tong, H. Zhang, Q. Hu and M. Fang, “The mechanical properties of bone tissue engineering scaffold fabricating via selective laser sintering”, In International Conference on Life System Modeling and Simulation, Berlin, Heidelberg , 2007, pp. 146-152

[8] S. I. Rohani-Esfahani, P. Newman and H. Zreiqat, “Design and fabrication of 3D printed scaffolds with a mechanical strength comparable to cortical bone to repair large bone defects”, Scientific reports, 6, 2016.

[9] S. Eshraghi and S. Das, “Mechanical and microstructural properties of polycaprolactone scaffolds with one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional orthogonally oriented porous architectures produced by selective laser sintering”, Acta biomaterial, 6, 2010, pp. 2467-2476.

[10] B. Zhang, L. Wang, P. Song, X. Pei, H. Sun, L. Wu, Ch. Zhou, K. Wang, Y. Fan and X. Zhang, “3D printed bone tissue regenerative PLA/HA scaffolds with comprehensive performance optimizations”, Materials & Design, 201, 2021, pp. 1-12.

[11] Ch. G. Kim, K. S. Han, S. Lee, M. Ch. Kim, S. Y. Kim and J. Nah, “Fabrication of biocompatible polycaprolactone-Hydroxyapatite composite filament for the FDM 3D printing of bone scaffolds”, Applied science, 11, 2021, pp.1-9.

[12] A. Arora, A. Kothari and D. S. Katti, “Pore Orientation Mediated Corol of Mechanical Behavior of Scaffolds and its Application in Cartilage-mimetic Scaffold Design”, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 51, 2015, pp. 169-183

[13] B. Ostrowska, A. Di Luca, L. Moroni and W. Swieszkowski, “Influence of Internal Pore Architecture on Biological and Mechanical Properties of Three‐dimensional Fiber”, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A, 104, 2016, pp.991-1001

[14] R. Langer, J. P. Vacanti, “Tissue engineering”, Science, 260, 1993, pp. 920– 926 2.

[15] C. Corcione, F. Gervaso, F. Scalera, F. Montagna, T. Maiullaro, A. Sannino and A. Maffezzoli, “3D printing of hydroxyapatite polymer-based composites for bone tissue enginnering”, J. Polym Eng., 8, 2017, pp. 741-746.

[16] D. Canales, M. Saavedra, M. T. Flores, J. Bejarano, J. A. Ortiz, P. Orihuela, A. Alfaro, E. Pabón, H. Palza, P. A.

Zapata, “Effect of bioglass nanoparticles on the properties and bioactivity of poly (lactic acid) films”, j. biomed. Mater. Res. Part A., 108, 2020, pp. 2032-2043.

[17] E. Schätzlein, Ch. Kicker, N. Söhling, U. Ritz, J. Neijhoft, D. Henrich, J. Frank, I. Marzi and A. Blaeser, “3D-Printed PLA-Bioglass Scaffolds with Controllable Calcium Release and MSC Adhesion for Bone Tissue Engineering”, Polymers, 14, 2022, pp. 2389-2394.

[18] M. Alksne, M. Kalvaityte, E. Simoliunas, I. Rinkunaite, I. Gendviliene, J. Locs, V. Rutkunas, V. Bukelskiene,” In vitro comparison of 3D printed polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite and polylactic acid/bioglass composite scaffolds: Insights into materials for bone regeneration”, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 104, 2020, pp. 103641.