الگوی فعالیت‌های توانمندسازی با هدف ارتقای بهره‌وری کارکنان در صنایع کوچک و متوسط
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانی
هوشنگ تقی زاده
1
(استاد گروه مدیریت، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران)
کلید واژه: تحلیل عاملی, توانمندسازی کارکنان, روش‌های توانمندسازی, ارتقای بهره‌وری,
چکیده مقاله :
توانمندسازی کارکنان یکی از تکنیک های مؤثر برای افزایش بهره‌وری کارکنان و استفاده بهینه از ظرفیت و توانایی‌های فردی و گروهی آن‌ها در راستای اهداف سازمانی است. بر همین اساس، امروزه مباحث و یافته‌های مرتبط با توانمندسازی کارکنان توجه بسیاری از پژوهشگران در زمینۀ مسائل سازمانی را به خود جلب کرده است. هدف مقاله حاضر نیز، ارائه مدل توانمند سازی با هدف ارتقای بهره‌وری کارکنان از دیدگاه مدیران صنایع کوچک و متوسط استان آذربایجان شرقی می‌باشد. روش تحقیق کاربردی و جامعه آماری آن کلیه مدیران واحدهای صنایع کوچک و متوسط استان آذربایجان شرقی شامل می شود. حجم نمونه با استفاده از رابطه کوکران برای جوامع با تعداد اعضای معلوم، 601 نفر محاسبه وبرای جمع‌آوری داده های لازم از پرسش‌نامه استفاده‌شده است. روایی و پایایی پرسش‌نامه، به ترتیب از طریق روش‌های محتوایی و آزمون مجدد مورد بررسی قرارگرفته است. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده ها از آزمون های آماری تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تأییدی استفاده‌شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان داده که رشد فردی و طراحی شغل، رسمیت و شفافیت وظایف، توجه به محیط و تمرکززدایی، سبک رهبری و توجه به مسائل نیروی انسانی و تیم‌های کاری به‌عنوان روش‌های توانمندسازی با هدف ارتقای بهره‌وری کارکنان در جامعه تحت مطالعه می‌باشند.
Employees' empowerment is one of the most effective techniques to increase employees' productivity and optimal use of their individual and group capacities and capabilities in line with organizational goals. Accordingly, today issues and findings related to employees' empowerment have attracted attentions of many researchers to focus on organizational issues. This article aims at providing employees' empowerment model aiming at productivity promotion from the managers' point of view in small and medium industries located in East Azarbaijan province. The research method was applied and the statistical population included all managers in small and medium industries in East Azarbaijan province. Using Cochran's formula the sample size included 601 people. To collect the data a questionnaire was used. In order to analyze the data the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses have been used. The results showed that "individual growth and job designing", "formality recognition and transparency of tasks", "considering environment and decentralization", "leadership style" and "man-power issues, working teams were indicated as employees' empowerment methods for aforementioned population.
Abedi, H. A., Ghavi, M. R., & Mannani, R.(2014). Empowerment of nurses drug calculations, Iranian Journal of Nursing Research, 1 (32), 48-58, (In Persian).
Abtahi, S. H., & Abesi, S. (2007). Employee empowerment. Tehran: Institute of Researches and Training Management, (In Persian).
Amichai-Hamburger, Y., McKenna, K. Y., & Tal, S. A. (2008). E-empowerment: empowerment by the internet, Computers in Human Behavior, 24(5), 1776-1789.
Amirchehrazi, K., & Shafizadeh, R. (2016). The relationship between empowerment and the productivity of employees of education system. International Journal of Research in Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, 4(1), 115-124.
Appelbaum, S. H. Karasek, R. Lapointe, F. & Quelch, K. (2015). Employee empowerment: factors affecting the consequent success or failure (Part II). Industrial and Commercial Training, 47(1), 23-30.
Barutkub, M., & Morowati sharifabadi, A. (2014). The role of empowerment to increase efficiency (case study: Yazd University Staff), Human Resource Development and Support Quarterly, 9(33), 77 – 98, (In Persian).
BeygiNia, A., Sardari, A. & Najjari Nezhad, H. (2013). The impact of employee's cognitive empowerment on labor's efficiency strengthening factors. Overview on Public Administration, 3, 72-102, (In Persian).
Chow, I. H. Lo, T. W., Sha, Z., & Hong, J. (2006). The impact of developmental experience, empowerment, and organizational support on catering service staff performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 25(3), 478-495.
Evans, J. R. & Lindsay, W. M. (2007). The management and control of quality. McGraw –Hill.
Farahani, A. & Falahati, M. (2007). Relationship between psychological empowerment factors and corporate entrepreneurship experts in physical education, Researchers in Sport Science Quarterly, 5(15), 67-79, (In Persian).
Gholipur A., Pourezat A. A. & Hazrati, M. (2009). The survey of effect of servant leadership on organizational trust and empowerment in public organizations. Journal of Public Management, 2, 103-118, (In Persian).
Guo, J., Chen, J., Fu, J., Ge, X., Chen, M., & Liu, Y. (2016). Structural empowerment, job stress and burnout of nurses in China. Applied Nursing Research, 31, 41-45.
Hanaysha, J., & Tahir, P. R. (2016). Examining the effects of employee empowerment, teamwork, and employee training on job satisfaction. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 219, 272-282.
Harris, K. J. Wheeler, A. R.& Kacmar, K. M. (2009). Leader–member exchange and empowerment: direct and interactive effects on job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(3), 371-382.
Kia Kojouri, D. & Ghodoosi, M. M. (2012). Examining, determining and designing a model to empower the human resources in Islamic Azad University Branches by using Structural Equation modeling. Quarterly Pajouheshgar (Journal of Management), 9, 17-34, (In Persian).
Kordnaij, A. & Bakhshizadeh, A. & Fallahi, M. (2015). Investigate the impact of psychological empowerment on structural empowerment of employees, Organizational Behavior Studies Quarterly, 3, 97-119, (In Persian).
Mathieu, J. E. Gilson, L. L. & Ruddy, T. M. (2006). Empowerment and team effectiveness: an empirical test of an integrated model, Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(1), 97-108.
Memarzadeh, G., Taherpour Kalantari, H. & Moradi M., R. (2010). Identifying effective factors of employees' empowerment in south pars gas complex corporation. Journal of Management and Development Process, 23(1), 25-48, (In Persian).
Mohammadi, M. (2002). Employee empowerment programs. Management Studies, 35-36, 159-186, (In Persian).
Nasseri valikbany, F., Gholtash, A. & Sarchahani, Z. (2015). The relationship between employee empowerment and job performance and productivity of manpower in the department of education of fars province. Journal of Managing Education in Organizations, 2, 63-90, (In Persian).
Poorafkari N., Ghanbari A. (2012). The empowering mechanism of human resources in sport organizations’ management. Journal Of Iranian Social Development Studies (Jisds), 3(15), 25-38, (In Persian).
Robbins, T. L., Crino M. D. & Fredendall, L. D. (2002). An integrative model of the empowerment process. Human Resource Management Review, 12(3), 419-44.
Seyedjavadein, S. R., Heydari, H. & Shahb-azmoradi, S. (2009). A study on employees empowerment in service sector (case study of banking system). Journal of Iranian Public Administration, 1 (2), 75-88, (In Persian).
Sharifzadeh, F., & Mohammadi Moghadam, Y.(2009). The relationship between police personnel empowerment and human resources' productivity in lorestan province police command. Police Management Studies Quarterly, 4(1), 5-8, (In Persian).
Taghizadeh, H., & Soltani Fesghandis, G. (2013). Prioritizing the staff empowerment methods for establishing dominant empowerment strategies. Strategic Management Researches, 5(1), 59-81, (In Persian).
Taghizadeh, H. & Zyaeihajipirlu, M. (2016). Investigating the internal relations of empowerment factors with developing the interpretive structural modelling (case study). Journal of Research in Human Resources Management, 8(2), 85-111, (In Persian).
Taghizadeh, H. (2016). Identifying and ranking the empowerment methods in view of managers of small and medium industries of east Azerbaijan province by group AHP. The institute of labor and social security. A Research Project was Terminated, (In Persian).
Tootiyan Esfahani, S., (2014). The relationship between empowerment and productivity of human resources in Islamic Azad University (Tehran East). Media Studies, 9(25), 23-36, (In Persian).
Yaghoobi, N., Moloudi, J., & Azadkhah, O. (2011), The relationship between empowerment and human resource productivity in organization. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 1(10), 1603-1610.
_||_Abedi, H. A., Ghavi, M. R., & Mannani, R.(2014). Empowerment of nurses drug calculations, Iranian Journal of Nursing Research, 1 (32), 48-58, (In Persian).
Abtahi, S. H., & Abesi, S. (2007). Employee empowerment. Tehran: Institute of Researches and Training Management, (In Persian).
Amichai-Hamburger, Y., McKenna, K. Y., & Tal, S. A. (2008). E-empowerment: empowerment by the internet, Computers in Human Behavior, 24(5), 1776-1789.
Amirchehrazi, K., & Shafizadeh, R. (2016). The relationship between empowerment and the productivity of employees of education system. International Journal of Research in Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, 4(1), 115-124.
Appelbaum, S. H. Karasek, R. Lapointe, F. & Quelch, K. (2015). Employee empowerment: factors affecting the consequent success or failure (Part II). Industrial and Commercial Training, 47(1), 23-30.
Barutkub, M., & Morowati sharifabadi, A. (2014). The role of empowerment to increase efficiency (case study: Yazd University Staff), Human Resource Development and Support Quarterly, 9(33), 77 – 98, (In Persian).
BeygiNia, A., Sardari, A. & Najjari Nezhad, H. (2013). The impact of employee's cognitive empowerment on labor's efficiency strengthening factors. Overview on Public Administration, 3, 72-102, (In Persian).
Chow, I. H. Lo, T. W., Sha, Z., & Hong, J. (2006). The impact of developmental experience, empowerment, and organizational support on catering service staff performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 25(3), 478-495.
Evans, J. R. & Lindsay, W. M. (2007). The management and control of quality. McGraw –Hill.
Farahani, A. & Falahati, M. (2007). Relationship between psychological empowerment factors and corporate entrepreneurship experts in physical education, Researchers in Sport Science Quarterly, 5(15), 67-79, (In Persian).
Gholipur A., Pourezat A. A. & Hazrati, M. (2009). The survey of effect of servant leadership on organizational trust and empowerment in public organizations. Journal of Public Management, 2, 103-118, (In Persian).
Guo, J., Chen, J., Fu, J., Ge, X., Chen, M., & Liu, Y. (2016). Structural empowerment, job stress and burnout of nurses in China. Applied Nursing Research, 31, 41-45.
Hanaysha, J., & Tahir, P. R. (2016). Examining the effects of employee empowerment, teamwork, and employee training on job satisfaction. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 219, 272-282.
Harris, K. J. Wheeler, A. R.& Kacmar, K. M. (2009). Leader–member exchange and empowerment: direct and interactive effects on job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(3), 371-382.
Kia Kojouri, D. & Ghodoosi, M. M. (2012). Examining, determining and designing a model to empower the human resources in Islamic Azad University Branches by using Structural Equation modeling. Quarterly Pajouheshgar (Journal of Management), 9, 17-34, (In Persian).
Kordnaij, A. & Bakhshizadeh, A. & Fallahi, M. (2015). Investigate the impact of psychological empowerment on structural empowerment of employees, Organizational Behavior Studies Quarterly, 3, 97-119, (In Persian).
Mathieu, J. E. Gilson, L. L. & Ruddy, T. M. (2006). Empowerment and team effectiveness: an empirical test of an integrated model, Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(1), 97-108.
Memarzadeh, G., Taherpour Kalantari, H. & Moradi M., R. (2010). Identifying effective factors of employees' empowerment in south pars gas complex corporation. Journal of Management and Development Process, 23(1), 25-48, (In Persian).
Mohammadi, M. (2002). Employee empowerment programs. Management Studies, 35-36, 159-186, (In Persian).
Nasseri valikbany, F., Gholtash, A. & Sarchahani, Z. (2015). The relationship between employee empowerment and job performance and productivity of manpower in the department of education of fars province. Journal of Managing Education in Organizations, 2, 63-90, (In Persian).
Poorafkari N., Ghanbari A. (2012). The empowering mechanism of human resources in sport organizations’ management. Journal Of Iranian Social Development Studies (Jisds), 3(15), 25-38, (In Persian).
Robbins, T. L., Crino M. D. & Fredendall, L. D. (2002). An integrative model of the empowerment process. Human Resource Management Review, 12(3), 419-44.
Seyedjavadein, S. R., Heydari, H. & Shahb-azmoradi, S. (2009). A study on employees empowerment in service sector (case study of banking system). Journal of Iranian Public Administration, 1 (2), 75-88, (In Persian).
Sharifzadeh, F., & Mohammadi Moghadam, Y.(2009). The relationship between police personnel empowerment and human resources' productivity in lorestan province police command. Police Management Studies Quarterly, 4(1), 5-8, (In Persian).
Taghizadeh, H., & Soltani Fesghandis, G. (2013). Prioritizing the staff empowerment methods for establishing dominant empowerment strategies. Strategic Management Researches, 5(1), 59-81, (In Persian).
Taghizadeh, H. & Zyaeihajipirlu, M. (2016). Investigating the internal relations of empowerment factors with developing the interpretive structural modelling (case study). Journal of Research in Human Resources Management, 8(2), 85-111, (In Persian).
Taghizadeh, H. (2016). Identifying and ranking the empowerment methods in view of managers of small and medium industries of east Azerbaijan province by group AHP. The institute of labor and social security. A Research Project was Terminated, (In Persian).
Tootiyan Esfahani, S., (2014). The relationship between empowerment and productivity of human resources in Islamic Azad University (Tehran East). Media Studies, 9(25), 23-36, (In Persian).
Yaghoobi, N., Moloudi, J., & Azadkhah, O. (2011), The relationship between empowerment and human resource productivity in organization. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 1(10), 1603-1610.
