تببین جایگاه ساختارسازمانی در کارآفرینی و نقش کارآفرینی در ارتقای شغلی کارکنان: مطالعه موردی دانشگاه کاشان
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانی
فروزان سادات هاشمی
1
(
کارشناس ارشد تحقیقات آموزشی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
)
کیوان صالحی
2
(
استادیار دانشگاه تهران
)
مجتبی حسینی
3
(
کارشناس ارشد تحقیقات آموزشی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
)
کلید واژه: رسمیت, تمرکز, کارآفرینی, ابعاد ساختار سازمانی, ارتقای شغلی,
چکیده مقاله :
از آنجایی که کارآفرینی فرآیند بلندمدت آموزشی و پرورشی است، مستلزم برنامه‌ریزی در نظام آموزشی کشور به ویژه دانشگاه‌ها و مراکزآموزش عالی می‌باشد؛ بنابراین هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر تبیین جایگاه کارآفرینی در ساختار سازمانی و ارتقای شغلی کارکنان می‌باشد. پژوهش حاضر از نوع پژوهش های کاربردی است که با روش توصیفی- پیمایشی از نوع همبستگی اجرا شده است. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش حاضر 386 نفر از کارمندان دانشگاه کاشان می باشد.گردآوری داده ها براساس پرسش نامه و بر پایه نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده صورت گرفت و حجم نمونه 191نفر بود. این پرسش نامه از دو خرده مقیاس استاندارد: ابعاد ساختار سازمانی و تشخیص ساختارسازمان کارآفرینانه در مقیاس لیکرت تشکیل شده است. ضریب آلفا برای خرده مقیاس تشخیص ساختار کارآفرینانه "85/." و برای خرده مقیاس ابعاد ساختار سازمانی "80/." بود. داده های حاصل در نرم افزارspss نسخه 17تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان دادکه بین سطوح ساختارسازمانی (رسمیت و تمرکز) وکارآفرینی سازمان و بین سطوح رسمیت (ساختار سازمانی) وکارآفرینی سازمان و بین سطوح مختلف تمرکز (ساختارسازمانی) وکارآفرینی سازمانی، تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد. همچنین نتایج تحلیل واریانس نشان می‌دهد که تفاوت میانگین نمرات کارآفرینی در بین کارکنان دانشگاه درمقایسه با سطوح ساختار سازمانی آنها از نظر آماری معنادار نیست، درحالی که با توجه به سطوح رسمیت و تمرکز، تفاوت حاصل شده از نظر آماری معنی دار است. همچنین تحلیل آئین نامه‌های سازمانی و وزارتی نشان می‌دهد که کارآفرینی سازمانی جایگاه و نقشی در ارتقای شغلی کارکنان ایفا نمی کند. رابطه کارآفرینی سازمانی و رسمیت معکوس خواهد بود. در رسمیت بالا، کارآفرینی سازمانی کمتراست، حجم زیاد بخشنامه‌ها و دستورالعمل ها و اجرای آن در کلیه بخشهای شرکت بدون در نظرگرفتن تناسب آن بانوع فعالیت بخشها، مانع کارآفرینی سازمانی می گردد. بنابراین رسمیت در سازمان می تواند از لحاظ افزایش کارآفرینی و همچنین ارتقای شغلی کارکنان در سازمان تأثیرگذار باشد.
Since the entrepreneurship is a long time educational and training process, it requires educational planning in all levels especially at the universities. The main objective of this study was explaining the positon of entrepreneurship in organizational structure and employees’ vocational promotion. The research method was descriptive- correlation. The population of the research included 386 employees at kashan university. The sampling method was simple random one, through which 191 people were chosen as the sample size. To gather the data a questionnaire with two standard subscales (the organizational structure dimensions and entrepreneural organization structure diagnosis) were used. Using cronbach’s Alpha the reliabilities were 0.85 and 0.80 respectively. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the organizational structure levels (Formality, G, concentration) ang organizational entrepreneurship, and the variance analysis showed that there was not a statistically significant difference between the entrepreneurship mean scores among the university employees in comparison with their organizational structure levels, but considering the formality and concentration the obtained difference was significant. Analysis of organizational and ministerial regulations showed that the organizational entrepreneurship didn’t have any role in the job promotion of the employees. The organizational relation with formality was inversed. The higher the formality, the lesser would be the organizational entrepreneurship. It was concluded that the formality in the organization would effect the job promotion and increases the entrepreneurship.
- Abbasi, Rasul.(2002), Examine the relationship between organizational structure and employees' creativity-wise, MSc thesis, Tehran: Tehran University (in Persian).
- Ahmadpour,D,Mahmud.(2000),Entrepreneurip(definitions,theories, models). Tehran: Pardis company 57 (in Persian).
- Alimardani, Mehrzad., & Abolghasemi, Mohammad .(2009), The relationship between organizational structure and organizational entrepreneurs, New Approaches Journal of Educational Management, Issue Three: 144-131 (in Persian).
- Arabi, S.Mohammad.(2006),Designing the organizational structure. Tehran: Cultural Research Bureau (in Persian).
- Azma, Fereydun., & Aghaee, Javad.(2009), The relationship between organizational structure and organizational entrepreneurship in North Khorasan Agricultural Jihad Organization, Islamic Azad University of Educational Research Letter Bojnoord, no 21.p 1-28 (in Persian).
- Caruana, A. H; Morris,M. J. and vella,A.(1998),The Effect of Centralization and Formalization On Entrepreneurship in Export Firms,Journal Of Small Business management ,Jan 1998,36,1,ABI/INFORM Global,p 16-28.
- Covin, J.G., Slevin, D.P.(1990), New venture strategic posture, structure, and performance: An industry life cycle analysis. Journal of business venturing. 5(2), 123-135.
- Daft, Richard L.(2006), theory organization design, translation:(Parsian, Ali & Arabi S.Mohammad).Tehran: Cultural Research Bureau , seventh edition (in Persian).
- Davidsson,p. & Wiklund,J. (2001)," levels of analysis in intrepreneurship research":Current research practice and suggestion for the future ,Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 26(4): 278-301.
- Drucker, Peter. F. (1984), "our Entrepreneurial economy", HarwardBusiness Review.
- Ememinejad, Masud (2004), Entrepreneurship in the appropriate organizational structure of Organizational Development, Management magazine, Issue 90:31 (in Persian).
- Estifen, Rabines.(1999), Organization theory (structure, design and application). Translation: Alvani, S.Mahdi & Danaeefard, Hasan.Teharn: Bazargan publication (in Persian).
- Estifen, Rabines.(1999), Organization theory (structure, design and application).Translation: Alvani, S.Mahdi & Danaeefard, Hasan.Teharn : Safar publication : Ashraghi (in Persian).
- Goharipoor, M.Sadegh.(2009), Its organizational structure and organizational effectiveness in Physical Education Offices of the ministries, finishing a Master's Degree in Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran, Allameh Tabatabaei University (in Persian).
- Haghshenas, Asghar.(2007), Model of corporate entrepreneurship in the public sector in Iran, Iranian Journal of Management Science, 73-31 (in Persian).
- Henry, Mitenzberg.(1996),Organized; five work pattern. Translation: Dr. Faghihi, Abolhasan & Vaziri, Hosssein.Tehran: Publications State Management Training Center (in Persian).
- Hisrich, R., Peters, M. (1998), Entrepreneurship (Forth Edition), NewYork: Mc Graw hill.
- Katz, J.(2002), The chronology and Intellectual Trajectory of American Entrepreneurship education 1876-1999, Journal of Business Venturing
- KHalifeh Soltani, Marziyeh.(2007), The relationship between organizational structure and organizational entrepreneurship Physical Education Organization, Master's thesis, PNU (in Persian).
- Leanders, F. Kessler, E, H. Christensen, E, W. (2003), Centralization in levels for organization. Harvard Business Review, No, July.
- Maleki alagha, Badiozaman.(2006), The role of universities in the development of entrepreneurship, new ideas Quarterly, Issue Four: 13-1 (in Persian).
- -Mehryari, Hojatollah. (2016), How to help advance your career? Tadbir monthly. http://www.hamikar.com(in Persian).
- Mihm. Jürgen, Loch. Christoph. H, Wilkinson. Dennis and Huberman.Bernardo.A, (2010), “Hierarchical structure and search in complex organizations”, Management science, Vol.56, No.5, PP 831-848.
- Naziri, Saeedeh.(2011), Review the organizational structure of entrepreneurship and vocational organizations Tabriz, Master's thesis, Tabriz Tabriz Azad University(in Persian).
- Niazi, Mohsen., & Kahtari , Mohsen.(2000), Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship with an emphasis on theoretical and operational aspects.Tehran: Sokhanvaran publication (in Persian).
- Omidi, Ali.(2006), The relationship between organizational structure and organizational creativity Physical Education Organization, Master's thesis, Tehran:Tehran University (in Persian).
- Ortega, E, M. Saez and Cortes. (2009), Can formalization, complexity, and centralization influence knowledge performance, Journal of Business Research, No of Pages 11.
- Pardakhtchi, Mohammad Hasan., &SH shfizadeh, Hamid. (2006), Introduction to entrepreneurship, Tehran Arasbaran publication (in Persian).
- Rahimi F.A, Farajollah.(2003), Relationshi between organizational structure and organizational entrepreneurship in economic complex Kosar, Master's thesis, Tehran martyr Beheshti University(in Persian).
- Rahimi, Elham.(2002), Evaluation models and strategies entrepreneurship and to provide suitable internal organization, Master's thesis, Tehran, Iran University of Science and Technology Department of Industrial Engineering(in Persian).
- Rezazadeh, Hossein.(2002), Relationship between organizational structure and organizational entrepreneurship, Master's thesis, School of Management, Tehran University(in Persian).
- Sadler, R. J. (2001), corporate entrepreneurship in the public sector, The dance of the chameleon. Australian journal of public administration, 59(2).
- Soo Wook, K. (2007). Organizational structure and the performance of supply chain management, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 106 Issue 2, p 323-345.
- Vakili, Fardin.(2008), Organizational corporate entrepreneurship and economic relationship between small and large companies, Master's thesis, Tehran, Qom School of Management campus of Tehran University (in Persian).
- Yazdan Abadi, Ahmad., & Behrangi, Mohammad, Reza.(2006), Analytical review of the organizational structure of Tarbiat Moallem University, Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, No. 40: 38-23 (in Persian).
- Zivdar, Mahdi.(2008), Examine the relationship of corporate entrepreneurial orientation and performance. Master's thesis, Tehran: Tehran University (in Persian).
