ارائه الگوی ارتقای بهرهوری در حوزه صنعتچوب با رویکرد تجاریسازی ایدههایدانشگاهی
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت صنعتی
1 - استادیار گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد واحد خلخال، خلخال، ایران
کلید واژه: بهرهوری, تجاریسازی, ایده, ساختاری - تفسیری,
چکیده مقاله :
انتقال دانش بین دانشگاه و صنعت محرک مهمی در نوآوری و رشداقتصادی محسوب میشود. هدف این مطالعه طراحی مدل ارتقای بهره-وری در حوزه صنعتچوب با رویکرد تجاریسازی ایدههایدانشگاهی بود. این تحقیق از نظر هدف توسعهای - کاربردی و از لحاظ ماهیت، آمیخته (کیفی - کمی) با طرح ترکیبی اکتشافی – متوالی است. جامعههدف پژوهش خبرگان آگاه به موضوعتحقیق بودند. جهت انجام مصاحبههایعمیق و جمعآوری دادههایکیفی از تکنیک هدفمند گلولهبرفی تا مرحله اشباعنظری 17 نفر بعنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند برای تکمیل پرسشنامههای محققساخته بخشکمی، نمونهای به تعداد 5 نفر پیشنهاد شد. روایی دادههای بخشکیفی پژوهش از طریق مشاهدهمداوم و بازبینی توسط همکار تایید و پایایی دادهها با شیوه شاخص دوکدگذار 89% برآورد گردید. روایی دادههای بخشکمی با بهرهگیری از نسبت رواییمحتوایی لاوشه %80 و پایایی آنها با ضریب آلفای کرونباخ %86 تایید شد. از شیوه تحلیلتماتیک مبتنی مدل براون و کلارک (2006) شاخصهای موثر بر ارتقای بهرهوری با رویکرد تجاریسازی ایدههایدانشگاهی شناسایی و سپس مدلسازی با استفاده از تحلیل ساختاری – تفسیری (ISM) انجام شد. یافتههاپژوهش، 114 مفهوماولیه در قالب 20 تمفرعی و 13 تماصلی شناسایی شدند. این شاخصها در ششسطح مدل ساختاری – تفسیری متشکل از شاخص برنامههایراهبردی در سطحششم، ساختار و مدیریت-حمایتی سطحپنجم، توسعهتعامل سطحچهارم، ارتقای سیستمآموزشی، توسعهزیرساخت و ویژگیهایفردی سطحسوم، شاخصهای الگوبرداری، صنعتیشدن، انگیزش، منابعانسانی و جذب بخشخصوصی سطحدوم و شاخص بازاریابی در سطحاول بود. بنابراین مدیران و سیاستگذاران در راستای ارتقای بهرهوری در صنایع با رویکرد تجاریسازی ایدههایدانشگاهی ضرورت دارد، ماهیت و روابط بین شاخصهای شناساییشده را درک و اقدامات لازم در این زمینه را اعمال کنند.
Knowledge transfer between university and industry is an important driver in innovation and economic growth. The purpose of this study was to design a model for improving productivity in wood industry focusing on the commercialization of university knowledge and ideas. This research was developmental-applicative, a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) study with a combined exploratory-sequential design. The target community of the research was experts who were aware of the research topic. In order to conduct in-depth interviews and collect qualitative data, from the targeted snowball technique to the theoretical saturation stage, 17 people were selected as a sample and in order to complete the researcher-made questionnaires in the quantitative section, a sample of five people was suggested. The validity of the qualitative data of the research was confirmed through continuous observation and review by a colleague and the reliability of these data was estimated to be 89% using the two-coder index method. The validity of the quantitative data was found to be 80% by using the Lawshe content validity ratio and their reliability was 86% using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Conducting the thematic analysis method based on the model of Braun and Clark (2006), the effective indicators of improving productivity with a commercialization approach toward university knowledge and ideas were identified and then modeling was done using structural-interpretive analysis (ISM). Based on the results of the research, 114 primary concepts were identified including 20 sub-themes and 13 main themes. These indicators were at six levels of the structural-interpretive model consisting of the index of strategic plans at the sixth level, the structure and support management at the fifth level, the development of interaction at the fourth level, the improvement of the educational system, the development of infrastructure and the personal characteristics at the third level, the indicators of modeling, industrialization, motivation, human resources, and attracting the private sector at the second level, and the marketing index was at the first level. Therefore, managers and policy makers need to understand the nature and relationships among the identified indicators in wood industry and apply the necessary measures in this field in order to improve productivity in industries with a commercializing approach toward university knowledge and ideas.
Key Words: productivity, commercialization, university knowledge and idea, structural-interpretive
- Introduction
In today's view, universities have more responsibility in transforming their ideas and research achievements into factors that provide economic growth, wealth in society and public-welfare, and should make efforts to transfer and apply knowledge into various sectors of industry, society and economy. One of the important mechanisms for practical access to university knowledge and ideas in order to improve productivity in industries is the commercialization of university ideas. Therefore, this research seeks to answer the following basic question:
What are the indicators that affect the improvement of productivity in the field of wood industry and their cause-effect relationships based on the structural-interpretive model?
- Literature Review
Productivity refers to the effective and efficient use of data to achieve results. Through increasing the productivity of the existing inputs in the economy, more added value is created and as a result, more income is provided and distributed among the production factors. Productivity is a comprehensive and general concept, which is one of the most basic ways to achieve more production, and hence, it is considered a necessity to provide welfare and promote the well-being of people in societies, which is always the focus of economists, politicians and managers in different countries (Ammer, 2019). Therefore, one of the main drivers of economic growth and the main factor in improving productivity in various industries is the use of university knowledge and ideas (Fini & et al, 2018). Commercialization refers to a set of activities carried out in order to transform knowledge and new ideas into products, processes and services in response to market opportunities (Gibson & et al, 2019).
- Methodology
In terms of nature, this study is of a mixed type (qualitative-quantitative). The qualitative phase was conducted to identify the factors affecting the productivity improvement indicators of the wood industry with a commercialization approach toward university ideas, according to the thematic analysis based on the Braun and Clark method and the quantitative part of the research was drawn using the structural-interpretive modeling (ISM). The statistical community of the research included some university faculty members who were experts in the field of productivity and commercialization, managers and members of the academic Jihad Science and Technology Park active in the field of commercialization and technology, and people working in the wood industry, familiar with the subject of the research. For sampling in the qualitative part, non-random sampling method with a targeted approach and chain reference type (snowball) and the theoretical saturation technique (17 people) were used, and in the quantitative part, five people were suggested as the sample. The qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with experts and analyzed using the six-step method of Braun and Clark (2006). Maxqda10 software was used to identify the themes. To collect the quantitative data, the factors identified in the matrix table were prepared in the form of a questionnaire and distributed to the research sample. In order to analyze the data, structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) steps were performed using Matalab2016a software. The validity of the qualitative data was calculated by the method of review, done by a colleague and the participants, and their reliability was calculated through the two-coder index (89%). The validity of the quantitative data was estimated through the Lawshe content validity ratio (80%) and their reliability through Cronbach's alpha (86%).
- Results
In the qualitative part of the research, after analyzing and examining the themes of the interviews, 114 initial concepts were extracted. The initial concepts were categorized into 20 sub-themes in the next stage and these themes were categorized into 13 main themes in the final analysis. In the quantitative part of the research, the structural-interpretive model of the research was also presented in six levels. The "marketing" index was placed at the first level, so that this index was at the highest position in the hierarchy of the structural-interpretive model of improving the productivity of wood industries with the commercialization approach of university ideas, which means that it does not influence the indicators, but is influenced by all of them, the index of "strategic programs" at the sixth level affects other indicators of improving productivity through the commercialization of ideas. Moreover, the identified indicators of improving the productivity of the wood industry were placed in three dependent, connected and independent categories, none of which was included in the autonomous group. It shows the importance of the identified indicators. Also, the indicators of individual characteristics, infrastructure development, attraction of the private sector, human resources, development of interaction, improvement of the educational system, industrialization, and modeling were in the connected category, which were identified as key indicators that any change in one of them would cause change in the other indicators
- Discussion
The entry of universities into the field of business and marketing, followed by paying attention to market requirements and customer standards, in itself, is the result of some opportunities and positive consequences, which at least, help the self-governance of the university and ideally, may result in improving the living standards (safety and security), quality of life, wealth production and economic growth. On the other hand, industries also need academic knowledge and ideas to innovate and improve their activities, have product diversity, improve quality and productivity, make economic savings, achieve customer orientation, maintain competitive advantage, train and improve employees and generally develop in different fields.
As indicated by the present research model and the identified indicators, based on the effectiveness and susceptibility of the indicators, it is necessary for the policy makers of the Ministry of Science and universities to grow and increase university ideas in various fields and pursue commercialization. They have to take fundamental steps to develop standards and regulations in this field and pay special attention to the promotion and institutionalization of this matter. In addition, managers and investors in various industries such as the wood industry, in order to improve the level of productivity, maintain competitive advantage, achieve goals and continue the survival and success of their production units, should pay special attention to university ideas and research in line with their commercialization and provide the necessary goods and services in accordance with the needs of their customers.
