تحلیل محتوای کتابهای درسی فارسی دورهی ابتدایی براساس مؤلفههای هوشهای چندگانه: روش آنتروپی شانون
محورهای موضوعی : روانشناسی تربیتیاکبر سلطانی 1 , یوسف ادیب 2 , فیروز محمودی 3 , شهرام واحدی 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری برنامه ریزی درسی دانشگاه تبریز- دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناس
2 - استاد گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
3 - دانشیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
4 - استاد گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
کلید واژه: تحلیل محتوا, دوره ابتدایی, هوش های چندگانه, کتاب فارسی, روش آنتروپی شانون,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف پژوهش حاضر تحلیل محتوای کتاب های درسی فارسی دوره ی ابتدایی از منظر تأکید بر مؤلفه های هوش های چندگانه(زبانی-کلامی، ریاضی- منطقی، تصویری- فضایی، جنبشی- بدنی، میان فردی، درون فردی، طبیعت گرایانه، موسیقیایی و هستی گرایانه) است. پژوهش حاضر توصیفی و از نوع تحلیل محتوا با به کارگیری روش" آنتروپی شانون" است. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه کتاب های درسی فارسی دوره ابتدایی است. نمونه آماری برابر با جامعه آماری است. ابزار پژوهش چک لیست مؤلفه های هوش های چندگانه مبتنی بر مبانی علمی هوش های چندگانه(گاردنر و فلیتهم) بود که محقق آن را تدوین کرد و روایی محتوایی آن توسط 5 نفر از متخصصان احراز شد. پایایی به دست آمده با استفاده از تکنیک اجرای مجدد، برای چک لیست مذکور 86/0 می باشد. نتایج تحلیل محتوا نشان داد که در کتاب های فارسی، ضریب اهمیت هوش زبانی- کلامی و طبیعت گرایانه (115/0)، هوش تصویری- فضایی، ریاضی- منطقی، جنبشی- بدنی، درون فردی، میان فردی و هستی گرایانه (111/0) و هوش موسیقیایی (103/0) بود. به عبارتی، هر یک از مؤلفه های هوش های چندگانه در کتاب های درسی فارسی به صورت متوازن مورد توجه قرار نگرفته و کتاب های درسی فارسی به یک نسبت، مؤلفه های هوش های چندگانه را پوشش نداده اند. با توجه به نقش هوش های چندگانه که در زندگی دانش آموزان دارد و با عنایت به تأکید پژوهشگران بر این سازه، ضروری است که مؤلفان کتاب های درسی فارسی، در ویرایش های بعدی به این امر توجه لازم را داشته باشند.
The purpose of the present study was to analyze the content of the Persian textbooks of the elementary school from the perspective of emphasizing the components of multiple intelligences (linguistic-verbal, mathematical-logical, visual-spatial, kinetic-physical, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalistic, musical and Existential). The present study is a descriptive and It's the kind of content-based analysis using the Shannon Entropy method. The statistical population includes all elementary Persian language textbooks. The statistical sample is equal to the statistical population. The research tool was a checklist of multiple intelligence components based on the scientific basis of multiple intelligences (Gardner and Fleetham), which the researcher developed and its content validity was verified by five experts. The reliability obtained using the re-run technique is 0.86 for the check list. The results of content analysis showed that in Persian textbooks, the coefficient of importance of verbal and natural language intelligence (0/115), visual-spatial intelligence, mathematical-logical, kinetic-physical, interpersonal, interpersonal and Existential (0/111) and musical intelligence (0/103). In other words, each of the components of multiple intelligences in Persian textbooks has not been considered in a balanced way, and Persian textbooks do not cover in same size multiple components of intelligence. Regarding the role of multiple intelligences in student’s life, and given the researchers' emphasis on this constract, it is essential for the authors of Persian textbooks to pay much attention to this in subsequent editions.
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Meltzer, L., & Krishnan, K. (2007). Executive function difficulties and learning disabilities: understandings and misunderstandings. In L. Meltzer (Ed.), Executive function in education, from theory to practice. New York: The Guilford Press, 101.
Miri, H. Kaviani, H. and Pour Naseh, M. (2003). The effect of music on young children's intellectual abilities. Quarterly Journal of Cognitive Science, 5(110), 1-3 [In Persian].
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