تأثیر آموزش تکنیک‌های پایه فوتبال بر مهارت‌های ادراکی-شناختی در میدان: با تأکید بر یادگیری مشاهده‌ای و ضمنی
محورهای موضوعی : یادگیری
پروانه علوی نامور
1
,
سیدمحمدکاظم واعظ‌موسوی
2
,
مهدی نمازی زاده
3
1 - 1. گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: پیش‌بینی, تصمیم‌گیری, اکتساب, یادداری, اس اس جی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر یادگیری چند تکنیک پایه فوتبال بر مهارت‌های ادراکی-شناختی در محیط میدان بود. 58 شرکت کننده (45 دانشجوی زن مبتدی کارشناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز و 13 فوتبالیست ماهر زن باشگاهی) با میانگین سنی 08/3 ±30/22 به صورت داوطلبانه و در دسترس و براساس معیارهای ورود به مطالعه، در پنج گروه (شناختی-نزدیک، شناختی-دور، حرکتی، کنترل و ماهر) انتخاب شدند. روش پژوهش از نوع مطالعات نیمه تجربی و طرح آن پیش‌آزمون-یادداری بود. ابتدا از تمامی گروه‌ها، پیش‌آزمون میدانی به عمل آمد. بلافاصله، مرحله اکتساب برای گروه میدانی و تمرین برای گروه‌ها‌ی آزمایشگاهی آغاز و در نهایت، پس از یک هفته، آزمون یادداری از گروه‌ها به عمل آمد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از طریق آزمون تحلیل واریانس چند متغیره، با استفاده از نرم افزار اس پی اس اس نسخه 21 انجام شد. میزان مهارت پیش‌بینی-تصمیم‌گیری در محیط میدان در گروه حرکتی و گروه ماهر به طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از دو گروه تکالیف آزمایشگاهی بود. نتایج آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس نشـان داد که اثر گروه در سطح احتمـال 99 درصد معنـی‌دار می‌باشـد (001/0=p، 50/0=مجـذور اتـا، 77/12=( 53.4)F). به نظر، تمرین مهارت‌های پایه در ترکیب با یادگیری مشاهده‌ای موجب درگیری مضاعف فرایند حل مسئله و بهبود مهارت پیش‌بینی-تصمیم‌گیری می‌گردد.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of learning some basic soccer techniques on perceptual- cognitive skills on the field. Fifty-eight female participants including 45 students of Azad University of Tabriz branch and 13 skilled soccer club players with a mean age of 22. 30 ± 3.08 years old were selected based on the inclusion criteria and then, were purposefully assigned to five groups [cognitive (near) cognitive (far), control and skilled]. The research method was quasi-experimental studies and its design was pretest-retention. First, a field test was performed on all groups. Then, the acquisition phase for the field group and the practice for the laboratory groups began and finally, after a week, a retention test was performed on the groups. Multivariate analysis of variance test was performed to analyze the data using SPSS 21. The level of anticipation and decision-making skills in the field environment in the motor group and the skilled group was significantly higher than the two groups of laboratory tasks. The results of analysis of covariance revealed that the effect of the group was significant at the level of 99% probability (F (53. 4)) = 12. 77. P = 0.001. Eta coefficient = 50). It seems that, practicing basic skills in combination with observational learning leads to a double engagement of the problem-solving process and improves anticipation and decision-making skills
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