تأثیر آموزش تکنیکهای پایه فوتبال بر مهارتهای ادراکی-شناختی در میدان: با تأکید بر یادگیری مشاهدهای و ضمنی
الموضوعات :پروانه علوی نامور 1 , سیدمحمدکاظم واعظموسوی 2 , مهدی نمازی زاده 3
1 - 1. گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: پیشبینی, تصمیمگیری, اکتساب, یادداری, اس اس جی,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر یادگیری چند تکنیک پایه فوتبال بر مهارتهای ادراکی-شناختی در محیط میدان بود. 58 شرکت کننده (45 دانشجوی زن مبتدی کارشناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز و 13 فوتبالیست ماهر زن باشگاهی) با میانگین سنی 08/3 ±30/22 به صورت داوطلبانه و در دسترس و براساس معیارهای ورود به مطالعه، در پنج گروه (شناختی-نزدیک، شناختی-دور، حرکتی، کنترل و ماهر) انتخاب شدند. روش پژوهش از نوع مطالعات نیمه تجربی و طرح آن پیشآزمون-یادداری بود. ابتدا از تمامی گروهها، پیشآزمون میدانی به عمل آمد. بلافاصله، مرحله اکتساب برای گروه میدانی و تمرین برای گروههای آزمایشگاهی آغاز و در نهایت، پس از یک هفته، آزمون یادداری از گروهها به عمل آمد. تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از طریق آزمون تحلیل واریانس چند متغیره، با استفاده از نرم افزار اس پی اس اس نسخه 21 انجام شد. میزان مهارت پیشبینی-تصمیمگیری در محیط میدان در گروه حرکتی و گروه ماهر به طور معنیداری بیشتر از دو گروه تکالیف آزمایشگاهی بود. نتایج آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس نشـان داد که اثر گروه در سطح احتمـال 99 درصد معنـیدار میباشـد (001/0=p، 50/0=مجـذور اتـا، 77/12=( 53.4)F). به نظر، تمرین مهارتهای پایه در ترکیب با یادگیری مشاهدهای موجب درگیری مضاعف فرایند حل مسئله و بهبود مهارت پیشبینی-تصمیمگیری میگردد.
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