مطالعه تغییرات پلاسمایی بیومارکرهای قلبی-عروقی، سیستاتین C و آدنوزین دِآمیناز در دیابت ملیتوس القاء شده با آلوکسان در سگ

محورهای موضوعی : آسیب شناسی درمانگاهی دامپزشکی

کاوه عظیم‌زاده ¹ (استادیار، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد ارومیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارومیه، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/01/20 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/04/10 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/05/01

کلید واژه: سگ, دیابت ملیتوس, بیومارکرهای قلبی-عروقی, سیستاتین ‌سی, آدنوزین دِآمیناز,

چکیده مقاله :

دیابت ملیتوس (DM) از بیماری های متابولیک بوده که با عوارض متعدد خونی و بافتی همراه است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی تغییرات پلاسمایی سطح تروپونین قلبی I (cTnI)، هموسیستئین (Hcy)، سیستاتین C (Cys-C) و فعالیت آدنوزین دِآمیناز (ADA) در دیابت ملیتوس القاء شده با آلوکسان در سگ می باشد. در این مطالعه، پس از القاء دیابت ملیتوس در گروه تیمار و پس از سه ماه نگه داری، سطح سرمی cTnI، Cys-C و Hcy و فعالیت ADA با استفاده از تکنیک الایزا و الکتروکمی لومینسانس (ECL) در پلاسما اندازه گیری و با گروه سالم مقایسه گردید. در پایان، افزایش معنی دار (01/0p<) در سطوح پلاسمایی cTnI، Cys-C و Hcy همراه با کاهش معنی دار (01/0p<) در فعالیت ADA در گروه تیمار در مقایسه با گروه سالم مشاهده شد. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد در سگ های دیابتی آسیب های قلبی و کلیوی رخ می دهد که لزوم توجه هر چه بیشتر را در مدیریت دیابت سگ ها می طلبد. همچنین، کاهش فعالیت ADA با افت عملکردی سیستم ایمنی (مخصوصاً سلول های T)، با بالا ماندن غلظت آدنوزین جهت تسهیل ورود گلوکز به سلول و کاهش کاتیون روی می تواند ارتباط داشته باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease which may lead to considerable damages in most tissues. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the levels of serum Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), Homocysteine (Hcy), Cystatin c (Cys-C) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity are altered in alloxan induced diabetes mellitus in the dog. In this study, DM was induced by alloxan in the treatment group and three months later, plasma cTnI, Hcy and Cys-C were evaluated by Elisa technique and ADA activity was assessed by Electrochemilumminescence (ECL) method. The results showed significant increases (p<0.01) in cTnI and Cys-C along with a considerable decrease in ADA in the treatment group in comparison to the intact healthy group. Conclusively, increased plasma levels of cTnI and Cys-C in dogs with DM indicates heart and kidney damage respectively, which requires effective measures in the management of diabetes mellitus in dogs. Furthermore, reduction of ADA activity can be attributed to the decline of immune system (especially T cells), high levels of adenosine concentrations for facilitation of glucose transport and/or zinc ion decrease.

منابع و مأخذ:

• · عظیم­زاده، ک.، عصری رضائی، س.، صافی، ش.، سهرابی حقدوست، ا. و ابراهیمی حامد، م. (1388). ارزیابی وضعیت هموسیستئین پلاسما در بیماری دیابت ملیتوس القاءشده با استرپتوزوتوسین در خرگوش. مجله دامپزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز، دوره 3، شماره 2، صفحات: 451-445.

• · Ugarte, M., Brown, M., Hollywood, K.A., Cooper, G.L., Bishop, P.N. and Dunn, W.B. (2012). Metabolomic analysis of rat serum in streptozotocin-induced diabetes and after treatment with oral triethylenetetramine (TETA). Genome Medicine, 4: 35.


• · Herrera, S.G.J., Varges, R.L.M. and Bouda, J. (2007). Alterations in hemogram and selected biochemical analytes in diabetic dogs: retrospective study in 40 dogs. Revista Veterinaria México,38(1): 55-62.

Merrill, L. (2012). Small Animal Internal Medicine for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses. UK: Wiley-Blackwell, pp: 256.

• · Sohrabi Haghdoost, I., Ghaleshahi, A.J. and Safi, S. (2007). Clinicopathological findings of diabetes mellitus induced by alloxan in goats. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 16: 53-59.


• · Rohilla, A. and Ali, S. (2012). Alloxan Induced Diabetes: Mechanisms and Effects. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 3(2): 819-821.


• · Lassus, J. and Harjola, V.P. (2012). Cystatin C: a step forward in assessing kidney function and cardiovascular risk. Heart Failure Reviews, 17: 251-261.


• · Villa, P., Jiménez, M., Soriano, M.C., Manzanares, J. and Casasnovas, P. (2005). Serum cystatin C concentration as a marker of acute renal dysfunction in critically ill patients. Critical Care, 9: 139-143.


• · Filler, G., Bokenkamp, A., Hofmann, W., Le Bricon, T., Martinez-Bru, C. and Grubb, A. (2005). Cystatin C as a marker of GFR-history, indications, and future research. Clinical Biochemistry, 38: 1-8.


• · Rosenthal, S.H., Marggraf, G., Husing, J., Goring, F., Pietruck, F., et al. (2004). Early detection of acute renal failure by serum cystatin C. Kidney International, 66: 1115-1122.


• · Antognoni,M.T., Siepi,D., Porciello,F., Rueca, F. and Fruganti, G. (2007). Serum Cystatin-C Evaluation in Dogs Affected by Different Diseases Associated or Not with Renal Insufficiency. VeterinaryResearchCommunications, 31(1):269-271.


• · Bostom, A.G., Gohh, R.Y., Bausserman, L., Hakas, D., Jacques, P.F., Selhub, J., et al. (1999). Serum Cystatin C as a Determinant of Fasting Total Homocysteine Levels in Renal Transplant Recipients with a Normal Serum Creatinine. Journal of American Society Nephrology, 10: 164-166.


• · Jensen, A.L.,Bomholt, M. andMoe, L.(2001). Preliminary evaluation of a particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (PETIA) for the determination of serum cystatin C-like immunoreactivity in dogs. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 30(2): 86-90.


• · Almy, F.S.,Christopher, M.M.,King, D.P. andBrown S.A.(2002). Evaluation of cystatin C as an endogenous marker of glomerular filtration rate in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 16(1): 45-51.


• · Fartashvand, M., Nadalian, M.G., Sakha, M. and Safi, S. (2013). Elevated Serum Cardiac Troponin I in Cattle with Theileriosis. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 27: 194-199.


• · O’Brien, P.J., Landt, Y. and Ladenson, J.H. (1997). Differential reactivity of cardiac and skeletal muscle from various species in a cardiac troponin I immunoassay. Clinical Chemistry, 43(12): 2333- 2338.


• · Collinson, P.O. and Gaze, D.C. (2007). Biomarkers of cardiovascular damage and dysfunction– an overview. Heart Lung Circulation, 16: 71-82.


• · Adams, J.E., Bodor, G.S., Davila-Roman, V.G., Delmez, J.A., Apple, F.S., Ladenson, J.H., et al. (1993). Cardiac troponin I a marker with high specificity for cardiac injury. Circulation, 88: 101-106.


• · Leonardi, F., Passeri, B., Fusari, A., De Razza, D., Beghi, C., Lorusso, R., et al. (2008). Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) concentration in an ovine model of myocardial ischemia. Research in Veterinary Science, 85: 141-144.


• · Lobettia, R.K., Kellerb, K., Kettnerb, F. and Dvirb, E. (2012). NT-ProBNP and cardiac troponin I in virulent canine babesiosis. Remo Veterinary Parasitology, 190: 333-339.


• · Rodrigues, L.F.S., Emlia, M., Oliveira, F., Teixeira, P.P.M., Cavalcantec, J.M. and Valec, M.R. (2012). Adenosine deaminase activity as a biochemical marker of inflammatory response in goats infected by caprine arthritis–encephalitis virus. Small Ruminant Research, 108: 120-126.


• · Gopi, A., Madhavan, S.M., Sharma, S.K. and Sahn, S.A. (2007). Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis pleural effusion in 2006. Chest, 131: 880-889.


• · Atakisi, E., Karapehlivan, M., Atakisi, O., Kontas, T. and Marasli, S. (2006). Adenosine deaminase and Biochemical Liver Function Tests in the Dermatophytic Cattle. Bulletin Veterinary Institute Pulawy, 50: 481-483.


• · Aydin, I., Bulbul, T., Polat, E.S. and Yazar, E. (2010). Serum antioxidant status and adenosine deaminase activity during the gestational period of sheep. Revue de Medecine Veterinaire, 161: 479-484.


• · Rasoulinejad, M., Mousavi, S.J., Abdollahi, A., Fattahi, F. and Sarbiaei, A. (2009). Serum adenosine deaminase activity and C-reactive protein levels in patients with brucellosis. Iranian Journal of Pathology, 4(3): 113-117.


• · Liu, S., Wang, W.,Luo, X.M. and  Ye, B.(2000). Chemically induced (streptozotocin-alloxan) diabetes mellitus in dogs. Bulletin of Hunan Medical University, 28: 2125-2128.


• · Thiele, A., Kronstein, R., Wetzel, A., Gerth, A., Nieber, K. and Hauschildt, S. (2004). Regulation of adenosine receptor subtypes during cultivation of human monocytes: role of receptors in preventing lipopolysaccharide-triggered respiratory burst. Infection Immunology, 72: 1349-1357.


• · Hönscheid, A., Rink, L. and Haase, H. (2009). T-lymphocytes: a target for stimulatory and inhibitory effects of zinc ions.  Endocrine Metabolic Immune Disorders Drug-Targets, 9: 132-144.


• · Cooper, B.F., Sideraki, V., Wilson, D.K., Dominguez, D.Y., Clark, S.W., Quiocho, F.A., et al. (1997). The role of divalent cations in structure and function of murine adenosine deaminase. Protein Science, 6: 1031-1037.


• · Scallya, M.P., Leisewitzb, A.L., Lobettia, R.G. and Thompsonc, P.N. (2006). The elevated serum urea:creatinine ratio in canine babesiosis in South Africa is not of renal origin. Journal of South African Veterinary Association, 77(4): 175-178.


• · Mehdi, U. and Toto, R.D. (2009). Anemia, Diabetes, and Chronic Kidney Disease. Diabetes Care, 32: 7.


• · Silvestrini, P., Piviani, M., Alberola, J., Rodrıguez, A., Planellas, M., Roura, X., et al.(2012). Serum cardiac troponin I concentrations in dogs with leishmaniasis: correlation with age and clinicopathologic abnormalities. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 41(4): 568-574.


• · Atabek, M.E., Pirgon, O., Oran, B., Erkul, I. and Kurtoglu S. (2004). Increased cardiac troponin concentration in diabetic ketoacidosis. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 17: 1077-1082. 


• · Kaneko, J.J., Harvey, J.W. and Bruss M.L. (2008). Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. 6th ed., California: San Diego, Academic Press, pp: 490. 


• · Rasool, S., Abid, S., Iqbal, M.P., Mehboobali, N., Haider, G. and Jafri, W. (2012). Relationship between vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine levels and H. pylori infection in patients with functional dyspepsia: A cross-section study. BMC Research Notes, 5: 206.


• · Tamura, A., Fujioka, T. and Nasu, M. (2002). Relation of Helicobacter pylori infection to plasma vitamin B12, folic acid, and homocysteine levels in patients who underwent diagnostic coronary arteriography. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 97:861-866.


• · Manjunath, S. and Sakhare, P.M. (2009). Adenosine and adenosine receptors: Newer therapeutic perspective. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 41(3): 97–105.


• · Yasuda, N., Inoue, T., Horizoe, T., Nagata, K., Minami, H., Kawata, T., et al. (2003). Functional characterization of the adenosine receptor contributing to glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in rat hepatocytes. European Journal of Pharmacology, 459(2-3): 159-166.