بررسی مقایسه‌ای تجویز تستوسترون انانتات و ناندرولون دکانوات بر بافت بیضه و ضرایب اسپرماتوزنز در موش صحرایی
محورهای موضوعی :
آسیب شناسی درمانگاهی دامپزشکی
سجاد پورعلی
1
,
افشین دواساز
2
,
سید اسماعیل خلخالی صفوی
3
1 - دانش‌آموخته دکترای حرفه‌ای دامپزشکی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، علوم پزشکی تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه علوم درمانگاهی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، علوم پزشکی تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.
3 - استادیار گروه علوم پایه، دانشکده دامپزشکی، علوم پزشکی تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1401/05/31
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/10/04
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/11/01
کلید واژه:
موش صحرایی,
بیضه,
اسپرماتوژنز,
تستوسترون انانتات,
ناندرولون دکانوات,
چکیده مقاله :
صفات متمایزکننده جنسی در جنس‌نر، پیدایش صفات اولیه و ثانویه جنسی و اثرات سیستمیک متعدد، توسط هورمون تستوسترون کنترل می گردد، ازاین‌رو تستوسترون و استرهای مختلف آن، از جمله انانتات برای مصارف دارویی، دامی و حتی ورزشی تولید و عرضه می‌شوند. ناندرولون هم از نظر ساختار شیمیایی شباهت‌های فراوانی به تستوسترون دارد و ناندرولون دکانوات، استری طولانی اثرتر از داروی ناندرولون می‌باشد. از طرفی اثرات نامطلوب سوءمصرف آندروژن ها مانند سرکوب اسپرماتوژنز و تحلیل بیضه‌ها، در درازمدت دیده می‌شود. شباهت این دو دارو و موارد استفاده و همچنین اثرات نامطلوب سوءمصرف آن‌ها، سبب شد تا تأثیر تجویز تستوسترون انانتات و ناندرولون دکانوات بر بافت بیضه و ضرایب اسپرماتوژنز در موش های صحرایی موردبررسی و مقایسه قرارگیرد. بدین منظور، تعداد 21 سر موش صحرایی نر بالغ، به صورت تصادفی، در 3 گروه شاهد (بدون تزریق دارو)، تیمار با ناندرولون دکانوات (10 میلی‌گرم برکیلوگرم در هفته) و تیمار با تستوسترون انانتات (5 میلی‌گرم بر 100 گرم در هفته) تقسیم شدند. بعد از طی 8 هفته از شروع تحقیق، نمونه بافتی از بیضه موش ها تهیه شده و پس از رنگ‌آمیزی با رنگ های هماتوکسیلین- ائوزین، مورد مطالعه هیستوپاتولوژیک قرارگرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که هر دو دارو، تأثیر منفی معنی‌داری بر قطر و ارتفاع اپیتلیوم لوله های منی‌ساز و ضخامت بافت بینابینی بیضه داشتند. همچنین ضرایب اسپرماتوژنز شامل ضریب تمایز لوله‌ای، ضریب اسپرمیوژنز و ضریب بازسازی، تأثیر منفی از هر دو دارو گرفتند که البته در این بین، فقط تأثیر تستوسترون انانتات معنی‌دار بود (05/0>p). به‌طورکلی تجویز استروئیدهای آنابولیک منجر به تغییرات هیستوپاتولوژیک متعدد در سیستم تولیدمثل جنس نر می‌شود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Sexually differentiating traits in males, the emergence of primary and secondary sexual traits and numerous systemic effects are controlled by the hormone testosterone, therefore testosterone and its various esters, including enanthate, are produced and supplied for medicinal, livestock and even sports purposes. Nandrolone has many similarities to testosterone in terms of its chemical structure, and nandrolone decanoate, a long acting ester, is more effective than nandrolone. On the other hand, the adverse effects of androgen abuse, such as suppression of spermatogenesis and testicular atrophy, can be seen in the long term. The similarities of these two drugs and their uses and the adverse effects of their abuse was the main reason to investigate and compare the effect of testosterone enanthate and nandrolone decanoate administration on testicular tissue and spermatogenesis coefficients in rats. For this purpose, 21 adult male rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups of control (without drug injection), treatment with nandrolone decanoate (10 mg/kg per week) and treatment with testosterone enanthate (5 mg/100 g per week). After 8 weeks, tissue samples prepared from the testicles of rats were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and subjected to histopathological study. The results showed that both drugs had a significant adverse effect on the diameter and height of the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules and the thickness of the interstitial tissue of the testis. Also, the coefficients of spermatogenesis, including tubular differentiation coefficient, spermiogenesis coefficient and regeneration coefficient, were negatively affected by both drugs, although, only the effect of testosterone enanthate was significant (p<0.05). Overall, the administration of anabolic steroids leads to numerous histopathological changes in the male reproductive system.
منابع و مأخذ:
Creasy, D.M. and Chapin, R.E. (2013). Male reproductive system. Haschek and Rousseaux's handbook of Toxicologic Pathology, pp: 2493-2598.
De Melo Neto, J.S., De Campos Gomes, F., Pinheiro, P.F.F., Pereira, S., Scaran, W.R., Favaro, W.J. et al. (2015). The effects of high doses of nandrolone decanoate and exercise on prostate microvasculature of adult and older rats. Life sciences, 121: 16-21.
De Ronde, W. and Smit, D.L. (2020). Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in young males. Endocrine Connections, 9(4): 102-111.
Dutta, S., Sengupta, P. and Muhamad, S. (2019). Male reproductive hormones and semen quality. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, 8(5): 189-194.
Feldman, A.T. and Wolfe, D. (2014). Tissue processing and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Histopathology ,Methods and Protocols: 31-43.
García-Manso, J.M. and Valverde Esteve, T. (2016). Consequences of the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids for male athletes’ fertility. Exercise and human reproduction: induced fertility disorders and possible therapies, 153-165.
Gervasio, J.M., Dickerson, R.N., Swearingen, J., Yates, M.E., Yuen, C., Fabian, T.C., et al. (2000). Oxandrolone in trauma patients. Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 20(11): 1328-1334.
Huang, A.W. and Muneyyirci‐Delale, O. (2017). Reproductive endocrine issues in men with sickle cell anemia. Andrology, 5(4): 679-690.
Jannatifar, R., Shokri, S., Farrokhi, A. and Nejatbakhsh, R. (2015). Effect of supraphysiological dose of Nandrolone Decanoate on the testis and testosterone concentration in mature and immature male rats: A time course study. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine, 13(12): 779.
Jockenhövel, F. (2004). Testosterone therapy-what, when and to whom? The Aging Male, 7(4): 319-324.
King, K.E. and Ness, P.M. (2005). Treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. In Seminars in hematology, 42(3): 131-136.
Min, T. and Lee, K.H. (2018). Effects of nandrolone decanoate on expression of steroidogenic enzymes in the rat testis. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 31(5): 658-672.
Mohamed, H.M. and Mohamed, M.A.H. (2015). Effect of different doses of nandrolone decanoate on lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation, sperm abnormality and histopathology of testes of male Wister rats. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 67(1): 1-11.
Mutalip, S.S.M., Singh, G.K.S., Shah, A.M., Mohamad, M., Mani, V. and Hussin, S.N. (2013). Histological changes in testes of rats treated with testosterone, nandrolone, and stanozolol. Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 11(8): 653-658.
O'Donnell, L., Stanton, P., and De Kretser, D.M. (2017). Endocrinology of the male reproductive system and spermatogenesis. In Endocrinology of Male Reproduction (pp: 1-69). Endotext. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279031/
P Patanè, F.G., Liberto, A., Maria Maglitto, A.N., Malandrino, P., Esposito, M., Amico, F., et al. (2020). Nandrolone decanoate: use, abuse and side effects. Medicina, 56(11): 606.
Paustian, L., Chao, M.M., Hanenberg, H., Schindler, D., Neitzel, H., Kratz, C.P., et al. (2016). Androgen therapy in Fanconi anemia: a retrospective analysis of 30 years in Germany. Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 33(1): 5-12.
Rana, A., Lowe, A., Lithgow, M., Horback, K., Janovitz, T., Da Silva, A. et al. (2020). Use of deep learning to develop and analyze computational hematoxylin and eosin staining of prostate core biopsy images for tumor diagnosis. JAMA network open, 3: e205111-e205111.
Riedl, M.A. (2015). Critical appraisal of androgen use in hereditary angioedema: a systematic review. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 114(4): 281-288.
Slater, S., and Oliver, R.T.D. (2000). Testosterone: its role in development of prostate cancer and potential risk from use as hormone replacement therapy. Drugs & aging, 17(6): 431-439.
Tahtamouni, L.H., Mustafa, N.H., Hassan, I.M., Ahmad, I.M., Yasina, S.R. and Abdallaa, M.Y. (2010). Nandrolone decanoate administration to male rats induces oxidative stress, seminiferous tubules abnormalities, and sperm DNA fragmentation. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, 3(4): 165-174.
Torres-Calleja, J., Gonzalez-Unzaga, M., DeCelis-Carrillo, R., Calzada-Sanchez, L. and Pedron, N. (2001). Effect of androgenic anabolic steroids on sperm quality and serum hormone levels in adult male bodybuilders. Life Sciences, 68(15): 1769-1774.
Vegunta, S., Kling, J.M. and Kapoor, E. (2020). Androgen therapy in women. Journal of Women's Health, 29(1): 57-64.
Windfeld-Mathiasen, J., Dalhoff, K.P., Andersen, J.T., Klemp, M., Horwitz, A. and Horwitz, H. (2021). Male fertility before and after androgen abuse. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 106(2): 442-449.
_||_
Creasy, D.M. and Chapin, R.E. (2013). Male reproductive system. Haschek and Rousseaux's handbook of Toxicologic Pathology, pp: 2493-2598.
De Melo Neto, J.S., De Campos Gomes, F., Pinheiro, P.F.F., Pereira, S., Scaran, W.R., Favaro, W.J. et al. (2015). The effects of high doses of nandrolone decanoate and exercise on prostate microvasculature of adult and older rats. Life sciences, 121: 16-21.
De Ronde, W. and Smit, D.L. (2020). Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in young males. Endocrine Connections, 9(4): 102-111.
Dutta, S., Sengupta, P. and Muhamad, S. (2019). Male reproductive hormones and semen quality. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, 8(5): 189-194.
Feldman, A.T. and Wolfe, D. (2014). Tissue processing and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Histopathology ,Methods and Protocols: 31-43.
García-Manso, J.M. and Valverde Esteve, T. (2016). Consequences of the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids for male athletes’ fertility. Exercise and human reproduction: induced fertility disorders and possible therapies, 153-165.
Gervasio, J.M., Dickerson, R.N., Swearingen, J., Yates, M.E., Yuen, C., Fabian, T.C., et al. (2000). Oxandrolone in trauma patients. Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 20(11): 1328-1334.
Huang, A.W. and Muneyyirci‐Delale, O. (2017). Reproductive endocrine issues in men with sickle cell anemia. Andrology, 5(4): 679-690.
Jannatifar, R., Shokri, S., Farrokhi, A. and Nejatbakhsh, R. (2015). Effect of supraphysiological dose of Nandrolone Decanoate on the testis and testosterone concentration in mature and immature male rats: A time course study. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine, 13(12): 779.
Jockenhövel, F. (2004). Testosterone therapy-what, when and to whom? The Aging Male, 7(4): 319-324.
King, K.E. and Ness, P.M. (2005). Treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. In Seminars in hematology, 42(3): 131-136.
Min, T. and Lee, K.H. (2018). Effects of nandrolone decanoate on expression of steroidogenic enzymes in the rat testis. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 31(5): 658-672.
Mohamed, H.M. and Mohamed, M.A.H. (2015). Effect of different doses of nandrolone decanoate on lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation, sperm abnormality and histopathology of testes of male Wister rats. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 67(1): 1-11.
Mutalip, S.S.M., Singh, G.K.S., Shah, A.M., Mohamad, M., Mani, V. and Hussin, S.N. (2013). Histological changes in testes of rats treated with testosterone, nandrolone, and stanozolol. Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 11(8): 653-658.
O'Donnell, L., Stanton, P., and De Kretser, D.M. (2017). Endocrinology of the male reproductive system and spermatogenesis. In Endocrinology of Male Reproduction (pp: 1-69). Endotext. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279031/
P Patanè, F.G., Liberto, A., Maria Maglitto, A.N., Malandrino, P., Esposito, M., Amico, F., et al. (2020). Nandrolone decanoate: use, abuse and side effects. Medicina, 56(11): 606.
Paustian, L., Chao, M.M., Hanenberg, H., Schindler, D., Neitzel, H., Kratz, C.P., et al. (2016). Androgen therapy in Fanconi anemia: a retrospective analysis of 30 years in Germany. Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 33(1): 5-12.
Rana, A., Lowe, A., Lithgow, M., Horback, K., Janovitz, T., Da Silva, A. et al. (2020). Use of deep learning to develop and analyze computational hematoxylin and eosin staining of prostate core biopsy images for tumor diagnosis. JAMA network open, 3: e205111-e205111.
Riedl, M.A. (2015). Critical appraisal of androgen use in hereditary angioedema: a systematic review. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 114(4): 281-288.
Slater, S., and Oliver, R.T.D. (2000). Testosterone: its role in development of prostate cancer and potential risk from use as hormone replacement therapy. Drugs & aging, 17(6): 431-439.
Tahtamouni, L.H., Mustafa, N.H., Hassan, I.M., Ahmad, I.M., Yasina, S.R. and Abdallaa, M.Y. (2010). Nandrolone decanoate administration to male rats induces oxidative stress, seminiferous tubules abnormalities, and sperm DNA fragmentation. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, 3(4): 165-174.
Torres-Calleja, J., Gonzalez-Unzaga, M., DeCelis-Carrillo, R., Calzada-Sanchez, L. and Pedron, N. (2001). Effect of androgenic anabolic steroids on sperm quality and serum hormone levels in adult male bodybuilders. Life Sciences, 68(15): 1769-1774.
Vegunta, S., Kling, J.M. and Kapoor, E. (2020). Androgen therapy in women. Journal of Women's Health, 29(1): 57-64.
Windfeld-Mathiasen, J., Dalhoff, K.P., Andersen, J.T., Klemp, M., Horwitz, A. and Horwitz, H. (2021). Male fertility before and after androgen abuse. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 106(2): 442-449.
