بررسی استفاده از پروبیوتیک بر عملکرد و شاخص‌های سلامتی گوساله‌های هلشتاین
محورهای موضوعی :
آسیب شناسی درمانگاهی دامپزشکی
علی حسین خانی
1
,
منیره دره زرشکی پور
2
,
خسرو پارسائی مهر
3
,
حبیب چراغی
4
,
آرش جوانمرد
5
1 - دانشیار گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
2 - دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم دامی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.
3 - دانشجوی دکترای تغذیه دام، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.
4 - گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز
5 - استادیار گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز
تاریخ دریافت : 1396/03/07
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/11/14
تاریخ انتشار : 1397/06/01
کلید واژه:
عملکرد,
فراسنجه‌های خونی,
پروبیوتیک,
شاخص‌های سلامتی,
گوساله‌های شیرخوار,
چکیده مقاله :
تاثیر مثبت پروبیوتیک ها بر عملکرد و سلامتی گوساله های شیرخوار از دیرباز مورد توجه بوده است. پروبیوتیک ها گروهی از میکروارگانیسم های زنده هستند که در تغذیه دام استفاده می شوند. این افزودنی ها نه تنها هیچ گونه زیانی برای موجودات زنده ندارند، بلکه آنزیم های مختلفی ترشح می کنند که باعث شکسته شدن زنجیره های کربنی آلی و تولید موادی چون قندهای ساده تر، الکل ها، ویتامین ها و سایر مواد مغذی می شوند. برای انجام این مطالعه از 24 رأس گوساله نر و ماده با میانگین وزنی 3±50 کیلوگرم و سن 3±40 روزه و به مدت 45 روز استفاده شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: 1) گروه شاهد، 2) گروه دریافت کننده لاکتوباسیلوس کازئی و 3) گروه دریافت کننده لاکتوباسیلوس اسیدوفیلوس بودند. پروبیوتیک ها به همراه سرم فیزیولوژی به مصرف گوساله ها رسید. استفاده از لاکتوباسیل ها تاثیر معنی داری بر مصرف خوراک نداشته، اما استفاده از لاکتوباسیل ها باعث افزایش وزن گوساله ها در کل دوره شد (05/0p<). از طرفی تیمارهای حاوی پروبیوتیک باعث بهبود معنی دار بازده غذایی در دوره های از شیرگیری و در کل دوره پرورش گردید (05/0p<). همچنین افزودن پروبیوتیک ها در جیره گوساله ها، گلوکز خون را به طور معنی‌داری افزایش داده ولی نیتروژن اوره ای خون را کاهش داد (05/0p<)، اما تاثیر معنی داری بر میزان پروتئین کل، آلبومین، تری گلیسیرید و کلسترول خون نداشت. در کل، استفاده از مکمل های پروبیوتیکی باعث بهبود شاخص های سلامتی شد، اگرچه از لحاظ عددی معنی دار نبود. با توجه به نتایج می توان گفت که افزودن پروبیوتیک ها در جیره گوساله ها باعث بهبود عملکرد شده و تاثیر مثبتی بر برخی فراسنجه های خونی دارد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
The positive effect of probiotics on performance and health status of suckling calves has long been demonstrated. Probiotics are a group of living microorganisms used in livestock feeding, These additives not only have no harmful effects to living organisms, but secrete various enzymes which break down organic carbon chains and produce substances such as sugars, alcohols, vitamins and other nutrients. In order to carry out the present study, 24 male and female calves with an average weight of 50±3 kg and age of 40±3 days were selected for an experimental period of 45 days. The treatments included consisted of, 1- control group, 2- the group receiving Lactobacillus casei and 3- the group receiving Lactobacillus acidophilus. The probiotics were given to calves along withphysiological saline solution. The use oflactobacilli had no significant effect on feed intake although their supplementation increased the weight of the calves during the entire period (p<0.05). Also, the results demonstrated that treatments containing probiotics improved feed efficiency in the period of weaning as well as in the entire period of the experiment (p<0.05). Moreover, supplementation of probiotics in the diet of calves significantly increased blood glucose content and reduced blood urea nitrogen (p<0.05). Inversely, no significant effect on the amount of total protein, albumin, triglycerides and blood cholesterol was shown. Furthermore, the results showed that probiotic supplements improved health indicators numerically but not statistically. According to the results, it can be concluded that supplementation of probiotics in the diet of calves improves performance and has a beneficial effect on some blood parameters.
منابع و مأخذ:
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· Abu-Tarboush, H.M., Al-Saiady, M.Y. and Keir El-Din, A.H. (1996). Evaluation of diet containing lactobacilli on performance, fecal coliform, and lactobacilli of young dairy calves. Animal Feed Science Technology, 57(1-2): 39-49.
· Aldana, C., Cabra, S., Carlos, A., Carvajal, F. and Rodriguez, F. (2009). Effect of probiotic compound in rumen development, diarrhea incidence and weight gain in young Holstein calves. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(9): 489-492.
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· Bechman, T.J., Chambers, J.V. and Cunningham, M.D. (1977). Influence of Lactobacillus acidophilus on performance of young dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 60(Suppl. 1): 73-74.
· Duff, G.C. and Galyean, M.L. (2007). Recent advances in management of highly stressed, newly received feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 85(3): 823-840.
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· Fayed, A.M., Ashry, M.A.E., Yossef, K.M. and Salem, F.A. (2005). Effect of feeding flavomycin or yeast feed supplement on ruminal fermentation and some blood constituents of sheep in Sinai. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, 8(2): 619-634.
· Franklinj, L., Grimes, J. and Sheldon, B. (2006). Novel Pre-harvest approaches to control enteric food-borne bacteria in poultry. A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty of North Carolina state university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, 1840, 16/14.
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· Isolauri, E., Suitias, Y., Kankaanpaa, P. and Salmienen, S. (2001). Probiotics: Effects on immunity Animal. Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 73(2): 444S-450S.
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· Nemati, A., Tabatabaie, S.N., Davar Frouzandekey Shahraki, A. and Eghbal Saeed, S.h. (2010). Comparison effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and Protexin probiotic in starter on blood parameter, Immunity blood, behavior and fecal score in suckling calves. The 4th congress on Animal Science, Iran: Karaj, pp: 2141-2144.
· New bold, C.J., Mclntosh, F.M. and Wallace, R.J. (1998). Change in the microbial population ofrumen-simulationg fermenter in response to yeast culture. Journal of Animal Science, 78(2): 241-244.
· Riddell, J.B., Gallegos, A.J., Harmon, D.L. and Mcleod, K.R. (2010). Addition of a Bacillus based probiotic to the diet of pre ruminant calves: influence on growth, health, and blood parameters. International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, 8(1): 78-85
· SAS Institute. (1996). SAS User’s Guide: Statistics, Version 9.1. Cary, NC, Statistical Analysis Institute, Inc.
· Savage, D.C. (1977). Microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract. Annual Review Microbiology, 31: 107-133.
· Williams, P.E.V., Tait, C.A.G., Innes, G.M. and Newbold, C.J. (1991). Effect of the inclusion of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae plus growth medium) in the diet of dairy cows on milk yield and forage degradation and fermentation pattern in the rumen of steers. Journal of Animal Science, 69(7): 3015-3026.
· Wohlt, J.E., Corcione, T.T. and Zajac, P.K. (1998). Effect of yeast on feed intake and performance of cows fed diets based on corn silage during early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science, 81(5): 1345-1352.
_||_Abe, F., Ishibashi, N. and Shimamura, S. (1995). Effect of administration of Bifidobacteria and lactic Acid bacteria to newborn calves and piglets. Journal of Dairy Science, 78(12): 2838-2846.
· Abu-Tarboush, H.M., Al-Saiady, M.Y. and Keir El-Din, A.H. (1996). Evaluation of diet containing lactobacilli on performance, fecal coliform, and lactobacilli of young dairy calves. Animal Feed Science Technology, 57(1-2): 39-49.
· Aldana, C., Cabra, S., Carlos, A., Carvajal, F. and Rodriguez, F. (2009). Effect of probiotic compound in rumen development, diarrhea incidence and weight gain in young Holstein calves. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(9): 489-492.
· Afshar Mazandaran, N. and Rajabi, V. (2002). Probiotics and their use in livestock and poultry nutrition. Iran: Tehran, Nourbakhsh Publication, pp: 12-18. [In Persian]
· Anderson, D.B. (2002). Intestinal microbes: when does normality change into a health and performance insult? The elanco global enteritis symposium (July 9-11), Greenfield, Indiana, USA, pp: 5-6.
· Bechman, T.J., Chambers, J.V. and Cunningham, M.D. (1977). Influence of Lactobacillus acidophilus on performance of young dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 60(Suppl. 1): 73-74.
· Duff, G.C. and Galyean, M.L. (2007). Recent advances in management of highly stressed, newly received feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 85(3): 823-840.
· Ellinger, D.K., Muller, L.D. and Glantz, P.J. (1978). Influence of feeding fermented colostrum and Lactobacillus acidophilus on fecal flora and selected blood parameters of young dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 63(3): 478-482.
· Fayed, A.M., Ashry, M.A.E., Yossef, K.M. and Salem, F.A. (2005). Effect of feeding flavomycin or yeast feed supplement on ruminal fermentation and some blood constituents of sheep in Sinai. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, 8(2): 619-634.
· Franklinj, L., Grimes, J. and Sheldon, B. (2006). Novel Pre-harvest approaches to control enteric food-borne bacteria in poultry. A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty of North Carolina state university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, 1840, 16/14.
· Fukuyasu, T. and Gshida, T. (1986). Use of neo-sugar in piglet: proc. 3rd Neo-sugar Conference Tokyo, pp: 113 (Abstract).
· Fuller, R. (1977). The importance of lactobacilli in maintaining normal microbial balance in the crop. British Poultry Science, 18(1): 85-94.
· Harrison, G.A., Hemken, R.W. and Harman, R.J. (1988). Influence of addition of yeast culture supplement to diets of lactation cows on ruminal fermentation and microbial population. Journal of Dairy Science, 71(11): 2967-2675.
· Holzapfel, W.H., Haberer, P., Snel, J., Schillinger, U., Huisin, J.H.J. and Veld, T. (1998). Overview of gut flora and probiotics. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 41(2): 85-101.
· Isolauri, E., Suitias, Y., Kankaanpaa, P. and Salmienen, S. (2001). Probiotics: Effects on immunity Animal. Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 73(2): 444S-450S.
· Khatibi Bardsiri, A.S. and Abrahamid, M. (2010). Use of probiotics in feeding ruminants. The first National Symposium on Probiotics and Ultrasound Products. Tehran, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Center, pp: 2-4. [In Persian]
· Klein, G., Pack, A., Bonaparte, C. and Reuter, G. (1998). Taxonomy and physiology of probiotic lactic acid bacteria. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 41(2): 103-125.
· Mohamadi Roodposhti, P. and Dabiri, N. (2012). Effects of probiotic and prebioticon average daily gain, fecal shedding of Escherichia Coli and immune system status in newborn female calves. Asian-Australas Journal of Animal Science, 25(9): 1255-1261.
· Nemati, A., Tabatabaie, S.N., Davar Frouzandekey Shahraki, A. and Eghbal Saeed, S.h. (2010). Comparison effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and Protexin probiotic in starter on blood parameter, Immunity blood, behavior and fecal score in suckling calves. The 4th congress on Animal Science, Iran: Karaj, pp: 2141-2144.
· New bold, C.J., Mclntosh, F.M. and Wallace, R.J. (1998). Change in the microbial population ofrumen-simulationg fermenter in response to yeast culture. Journal of Animal Science, 78(2): 241-244.
· Riddell, J.B., Gallegos, A.J., Harmon, D.L. and Mcleod, K.R. (2010). Addition of a Bacillus based probiotic to the diet of pre ruminant calves: influence on growth, health, and blood parameters. International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, 8(1): 78-85
· SAS Institute. (1996). SAS User’s Guide: Statistics, Version 9.1. Cary, NC, Statistical Analysis Institute, Inc.
· Savage, D.C. (1977). Microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract. Annual Review Microbiology, 31: 107-133.
· Williams, P.E.V., Tait, C.A.G., Innes, G.M. and Newbold, C.J. (1991). Effect of the inclusion of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae plus growth medium) in the diet of dairy cows on milk yield and forage degradation and fermentation pattern in the rumen of steers. Journal of Animal Science, 69(7): 3015-3026.
· Wohlt, J.E., Corcione, T.T. and Zajac, P.K. (1998). Effect of yeast on feed intake and performance of cows fed diets based on corn silage during early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science, 81(5): 1345-1352.
