جایگاه رشد جزایی در مسئولیت کیفری از منظر فقه امامیه و حقوق ایران
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق خصوصیامین فلاح 1 , حسن حاجی تبار فیروزجایی 2
1 - دانش آموخته دکتری حقوق کیفری و جرم شناسی، واحد ساری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساری، ایران.
2 - دانشیار گروه حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، واحد قائمشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائمشهر، ایران.
کلید واژه: مسئولیت کیفری, بلوغ, رشد جزایی,
چکیده مقاله :
قانونگذار ایران در ماده 91 قانون مجازات اسلامی مصوب 1392، جهت اعمال مجازات حد و یا قصاص بر افراد بالغ زیر 18 سال، به طور ضمنی، احراز رشد جزایی مرتکب آن را لازم دانسته که این مهم موجب اختلاف در میان حقوقدانان و رویه قضایی شده است و معلوم نیست با رسیدن به سن بلوغ، اصل، رشد جزایی است یا اصل عدم رشد جزایی؟. نگارندگان، با استفاده از روش توصیفی - تحلیلی و کتابخانه ای و با هدف ارائه یک راه حل منطقی در این خصوص، ضمن بیان دیدگاه های گوناگون، به این نتیجه رسیدند که حکم مندرج در ماده 91 قانون مجازات اسلامی دارای سابقه شرعی و فقهی بوده و قانونگذار تحت عنوان رشد و کمال عقل یا درک ماهیت جرم انجام شده یا حرمت آن با پذیرش دیدگاه اقلیت فقهای متقدم و نیز نظر فقهای معاصر، به طور ضمنی مسأله رشد جزایی را در جرائم مستوجب حد یا قصاص ارتکابی توسط افراد بالغ زیر 18 سال پذیرفته است. همچنین، قانونگذار در این ماده قانونی اصل را بر عدم رشد درباره این افراد دانسته است.
In Article 91 of the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2013, Iran's legislator has implicitly considered it necessary to verify the criminal maturity of the perpetrator in order to impose the maximum punishment or retribution on adults under the age of 18 years, which has caused disagreements among jurists and judicial practice. and it is not clear that upon reaching the age of puberty, is the principle of penal growth or the principle of non-penal growth? The authors, using the descriptive-analytical and library method and with the aim of providing a logical solution in this regard, while expressing different views, came to the conclusion that the sentence contained in Article 91 of the Islamic Penal Code has a Sharia precedent and He is a jurist and the legislator under the title of "growth and perfection of intellect or understanding the nature of the crime committed or its sanctity" by accepting the opinion of the minority of the ancient jurists as well as the opinion of the contemporary jurists, implicitly raised the issue of penal growth in crimes requiring hadd or retribution committed by adults. Under 18 accepted. Also, in this legal article, the legislator has considered the principle of non-attainment of growth for these people.
_||_
- Ardabili, Mohammad Ali (2013). General Criminal Law, second volume, thirty-second edition, Tehran, Mizan Publishing House.
- Elham, Gholamhossein and Berhani, Mohsen (2014) Introduction to General Criminal Law, first volume, first edition, Tehran, Mizan Publishing House.
- Irani Arbati, Babak (1384). A collection of criminal advisory opinions, first edition, Tehran, Majd Publications.
- Bakhtar, Seyyed Mohammad Rasool (2014). The set of advisory opinions of the Judiciary Legal Department regarding the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2012, first edition, Tehran, Javadane Publications, Jungle.
- Atari, Abdul Ali (2015). Pathology of the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2012, third edition, Tehran, Judiciary Press and Publications Center.
- Pour Ismaili, Alireza, Abedi, Mohammad. (2018). Investigating the growth age in non-financial affairs. Islamic Jurisprudence and Law Research Journal, 16(58).
- Jafari Langroudi, Mohammad Jaafar (1378). Legal Terminology, 10th edition, Tehran, Ganj Danesh Library.
- Har Ameli, Muhammad al-Hassan (1403 AH). Al-Shia's tools to study Islamic issues, twenty-eighth volume, ninth edition, Qom, Jamia Modaresin Publications.
- Khomeini, Seyed Ruhollah (1390 AH). Tahrir al-Wasila, second volume, second edition, Najaf, Dar al-Kitab al-Alamiya.
- Khomeini, Seyed Ruhollah (1383).Tahrir al-Wasila, translation: Ali Eslami, third volume, Qom, Islamic Publishing House.
- Khomeini, Seyyed Ruhollah, (1434 AH). Tahrir al-Wasila, second volume, first edition, Qom, Imam Khomeini Editing and Publishing Institute.
- Mousavi Khoei, Seyyed Abulqasem (2016). Basics of Minhaj's Talmud, second volume, second edition, Qom, Elmiya Publishing House.
- Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar (1372). Dictionary, third volume, first edition, Tehran, Tehran University Press.
- Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar (1373). Dictionary, 14th volume, 1st edition, Tehran, Tehran University Press.
- Ragheb Esfahani, Hossein bin Mohammad (1383). Al-Mufardat Fi Gharib Al-Qur'an (Legical and Literary Commentary of the Qur'an), translated by: Khosravi Hosseini, first volume, third edition, Tehran, Mortazavi Publications.
- Zarem, Abbas (2012). A brief description of the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2012, second edition, Tehran, Phoenix Publications.
- Zarem, Abbas (2012). General Criminal Law 3, Volume II, First Edition, Tehran, Javadane Publications, Jangal.
- Saki, Mohammad Reza (2014). General criminal law, first edition, Tehran, Javadane Publications, Jangal.
- Shokri, Reza and Qaderi, Siros (2004). Islamic Penal Code in the current legal system, 4th edition, Tehran, Mohajer Publishing House.
- Shams Natri, Mohammad Ibrahim and others (2016). Islamic penal code in the current legal system, first volume, fourth edition, Tehran, Mizan.
- The second martyr, Zain al-Din bin Ali (1414 AH). Masalak Al-Afham to Tankih Sha'ari al-Islam, Volume 4, Qom, Al-Ma'arif al-Islamiya Institute.
- Martyr Thani, Zain al-Din al-Jaba'i al-Amili (1398 AH). Al-Rawzah al-Bahiyya fi Sharh al-Lama' al-Damashqiyya, 10th volume, 2nd edition, Najaf, Al-Najaf Al-Diniya University.
- Martyr Thani, Zain al-Din bin Ali, (1412 AH). Al-Ruda al-Bahiya in Sharh al-Lama' al-Damashqiyyah, second volume, Qom, Islamic Propaganda Office of Qom Seminary,
- Sanei, Parviz (1376). General criminal law, second volume, seventh edition, Tehran, Ganj Danesh Library.
- Safai, Sayyed Hossein and Qasimzadeh, Sayyed Morteza (2001). Civil rights (individuals and prisoners), 7th edition, Tehran, Semit.
- Tabatabai, Seyyed Mohammad Hossein (1374). Al-Mizan Fi Tafsir Al-Qur'an, Volume 11, 7th Edition, Qom, Islamic Publications Office.
- Azimzadeh, Shadi (2014). Memory aid for general criminal law, 14th edition, Tehran, Dorandishan.
- Allameh Hali, Hasan bin Yusuf bin Motahar (1414 AH). Tazkre al-Fiqha, 10th volume, 1st edition, Qom, founder of Al-Al-Bayt (A.S.).
- Allameh Hali, Hasan bin Yusuf bin Motahar (1420 AH). Tahrir Al-Ahkam Al-Sharia Ali Madhhab al-Umamiya, fifth volume, first edition, Qom, Institute of Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him).
- Allameh Hali, Hasan bin Yusuf bin Motahar (1413 AH). Al-Ahkam Rules, third volume, first edition, Qom, Islamic Publications office affiliated with the seminary teachers community.
- Omid, Hassan (1378). Farhang Omid, three volumes, 6th edition, Tehran, Sepehr printing house.
- Fadel Handi (Isfahani), Muhammad bin Hassan (1405 AH). Kashf al-Latham, second volume, Qom, Islamic publication.
- Goldouzian, Iraj (1382). Essentials of general criminal law, 7th edition, Tehran, Tehran University Press. - Marashi, Seyyed Mohammad Hossein (1376). New perspectives in Islamic criminal law, second edition, Mizan publication.
- Marashi, Seyyed Mohammad Hassan (1379). Jurisprudence and legal opinions regarding women's judgment from the perspective of Islam - Maturity and growth, Hadarsi Monthly, No. 21.
- Mossadegh, Mohammad (2018). Description of the Islamic Penal Code, first volume, 11th edition, Tehran, Jungle Publications.
- Mossadegh, Mohammad (2018). Commentary on the Islamic Penal Code, second volume, first edition, Tehran, Jangal Publications.
- Mossadegh, Mohammad (2016). Description of the Islamic Penal Code, third volume, second edition, Tehran, Jangal Publications.
- Mossadegh, Mohammad (2017). Commentary on the Islamic Penal Code, Volume IV, First Edition, Tehran, Jungle Publications.
- Mateen, Ahmed (2012). Collection of judicial procedure of the criminal part, second edition, Tehran, Reham Publications.
- Mohaghegh Hali, Jafar bin Hassan (1408 AH). Islamic Laws in Halal and Haram Issues, Volume IV, Second Edition, Qom, Ismailian Institute.
- Vice President of Education and Research of the Judiciary (1381). The collection of judicial jurisprudential opinions in criminal matters, first volume, first edition, Qom, Nash Qaza.
- Deputy of Judiciary Education (2008). The collection of laws and regulations regarding children and adolescents, research: Tawheed Vathouqi, first edition, Qom, Nash Qaza.
- Legal deputy of the Judiciary (2016). Islamic Penal Code and the Consultative Theory of the General Legal Department of the Judiciary, Edited by: Shahhaydaripour, Mohammad Ali and Tehsil Dost, Fereydoun, 2nd edition, Tehran, the official newspaper of the country.
- Moin, Mohammad (1386). Farhang Farsi, first and third volumes, second edition, Tehran, Zarin Publications.
- Mir Mohammad Sadeghi, Hossein (2014). Crimes against property and ownership, 45th edition, Tehran, Mizan publications.
- Najafi, Muhammad Hassan bin Baqir bin Abdul Rahim (1362). Jawaharlal Kalam in the description of Sharia al-Islam, volumes 26 and 41, 7th edition, Beirut, Dar Al-Ahia Al-Tarath Al-Arabi Publications.
- Website: https://www.neshast.
