جایگاه رشد جزایی در مسئولیت کیفری از منظر فقه امامیه و حقوق ایران
الموضوعات :
امین فلاح
1
(دانش آموخته دکتری حقوق کیفری و جرم شناسی، واحد ساری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساری، ایران.)
حسن حاجی تبار فیروزجایی
2
(دانشیار گروه حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، واحد قائمشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائمشهر، ایران.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: مسئولیت کیفری, بلوغ, رشد جزایی,
ملخص المقالة :
قانونگذار ایران در ماده 91 قانون مجازات اسلامی مصوب 1392، جهت اعمال مجازات حد و یا قصاص بر افراد بالغ زیر 18 سال، به طور ضمنی، احراز رشد جزایی مرتکب آن را لازم دانسته که این مهم موجب اختلاف در میان حقوقدانان و رویه قضایی شده است و معلوم نیست با رسیدن به سن بلوغ، اصل، رشد جزایی است یا اصل عدم رشد جزایی؟. نگارندگان، با استفاده از روش توصیفی - تحلیلی و کتابخانه ای و با هدف ارائه یک راه حل منطقی در این خصوص، ضمن بیان دیدگاه های گوناگون، به این نتیجه رسیدند که حکم مندرج در ماده 91 قانون مجازات اسلامی دارای سابقه شرعی و فقهی بوده و قانونگذار تحت عنوان رشد و کمال عقل یا درک ماهیت جرم انجام شده یا حرمت آن با پذیرش دیدگاه اقلیت فقهای متقدم و نیز نظر فقهای معاصر، به طور ضمنی مسأله رشد جزایی را در جرائم مستوجب حد یا قصاص ارتکابی توسط افراد بالغ زیر 18 سال پذیرفته است. همچنین، قانونگذار در این ماده قانونی اصل را بر عدم رشد درباره این افراد دانسته است.
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