The Effect of Teaching Cognitive and Metacognitive Strategies on Reading Comprehension Ability

محورهای موضوعی : language teaching

Mohammad Ali Torabi ¹ ( Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran. )
الهام قلی نیا ² ( Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran )

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/11/20 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/11/20 تاریخ انتشار : 1389/02/11

کلید واژه: reading comprehension, Reading, metacognitive strategy, Language Learning Strategies (LLSs), Strategy-Based Instruction (SBI), reading strategy, Cognitive Strategy,

چکیده مقاله :

The demands of the changing world impose on learners the need to become autonomous readers. This places a responsibility on the shoulders of the teachers to develop an approach to teaching reading which will help readers become independent strategic ones. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of teaching reading strategies on the development of reading comprehension of Iranian EFL learners. An experimental design was adopted to accomplish this investigation. To do so, two intact classes of 35 students were selected. Then to find out the homogeneity of the participants, Oxford Placement Test was administrated to both classes’ among whom 60 students who scored above 47 were selected as homogeneous and were assigned to two experimental and control groups. The students in the experimental group participated in 10 sessions and were taught two strategies of reading comprehension: activating background knowledge and contextual strategies. At the same time, the materials in the control group were taught through conventional methods of reading and translating the texts into Persian. In the 10th session, the post-test was administrated to both groups. The results of the t-test confirmed the positive effect of reading strategies instruction on the development of reading comprehension ability. These findings may furnish language teachers with the empirical evidence that capitalizing on the students' awareness of the strategies and helping them to use these strategies will significantly develop their reading abilities.

چکیده انگلیسی:

این مطالعه تأثیر تدریس استراتژی های شناختی و فراشناختی خواندن را برروی توانایی درک مطلب زبان آموزان ایرانی بررسی می کند.ابتدا یک تست تعیین سطح از دو گروه به تعداد شست نفر به منظور اطمینان از هم سطح بودن فراگیران گرفته شد. دو گروه متشکل از سی دانش آموز با رده سنی هفده تا نوزده سال در مقطع متوسطه برای این مطالعه انتخاب شدند. به طور تصادفی٬ یکی از گروه ها به عنوان گروه شاهد و دیگری به عنوان گروه تجربی در نظر گرفته شدند. سپس یک پیش آزمون از زبان آموزان هر دو گروه گرفته شد و آزمون  Tبر روی نمرات پیش ازمون فراگیران به منظور اطمینان بیشتر از هم سطح بودن شرکت کنندگان در مهارت خواندن اعمال شد. بعد از اطمینان از همسانی سطح ورودی گروهها ٬ استراتژی های شناختی و فرا شناختی (استفاده از عنوان و حدس زدن معنی کلمه از بافت) در طول هفت جلسه به فراگیران تدریس شد. سپس ازمون T بر روی نمرات پس ازمون هر دو گروه به منظور بررسی تأثیر تدریس استراتژی ها بر روی گروه تجربی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تدریس استراتژی  محور خواندن تأثیر مثبت و معنی داری بر روی توانایی درک مطلب زبان اموزان دارد. این یافته ها نشان می دهد که تدریس زبان های خارجی در محیط های اکادمیک مخصوصا برای بزرگسالان می بایست به همراه آموزش مستقیم و عملی استراتژی ها باشد. نتایج این مطالعه برای طراحان کتب درسی٬ برنامه ریزان و تربیت معلم می تواند مفید باشد.

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