Planning Time: A Mediating Technique between Fluency and Accuracy in Task-Based Teaching
محورهای موضوعی : language teachingافسر روحی 1 , افسانه سعید اختر 2
1 - Payame Noor University, Ardebil Branch
2 - Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch
کلید واژه: Accuracy, No-planning, Undetailed Pre-Task Planning, Detailed Pre-Task Planning, Dysfluency,
چکیده مقاله :
Task-based instruction is arguably associated with fostering fluent L2 speech distant from native-like accuracy. Of several methodological options recommended for accounting for accuracy problems of meaning-first approaches to language teaching, planning time has been explored in this study. Three groups of English majors watched a cartoon and narrated their accounts of watching under no-planning, undetailed pre-task planning and detailed pre-task planning conditions. To measure the accuracy and dysfluency of their L2 production, the collected data were coded for the number of error-free clauses, the number of total clauses and also for repetitions, false starts, reformulations and replacements. One-way ANOVAs run on the data revealed that detailed pre-task planning might result in more accurate and less dysfluent language than undetailed pre-task planning which in turn might lead to more accurate and less dysfluent language than no-planning condition.
در حالی که آموزش تکلیف مدار زبان - به گواهی مطالعات انجام گرفته - در پرورش زبان آموزانی که زبان دوم را با روانی نسبتا قابل قبولی تکلم می کنند، موفق نشان داده، صحت کلام چنین زبان آموزانی فاصله زیادی از حد مطلوب داشته است. از بین روشهای مختلفی که برای جبران چنین ضعفی در آموزش تکلیف مدار زبان پیشنهاد شده است، فرصت تمهید (planning time) در این مطالعه پژوهشی مورد مداقه قرار گرفته است. سه گروه از دانشجویان مترجمی زبان انگلیسی بخشی از یک کارتون صامت را تماشا کردند، سپس کارتون را تحت سه شرایط 1- بدون فرصت تمهید (no-planning time)، 2- با فرصت تمهید غیر مشروح (undetailed planning time) و 3- با فرصت تمهید مشروح (detailed planning time) روایت کردند. در داده های جمع آوری شده، تعداد بندهای بدون خطای دستوری، تعداد کل بندها و همچنین تعداد واژگان و ساختارهای تکراری، شروع های خطا، ساختارهای اصلاح شده و جایگزین شده برای اندازه گیری صحت و روانی کلام زبان آموزان مشخص گردید. تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه که بر داده ها اجرا شد نشان داد که فرصت تمهید مشروح بر صحت و روانی کلام زبان آموزان، مؤثرتر از فرصت تمهید غیر مشروح و این نیز به نوبه خود مؤثرتر از روایت بدون فرصت تمهید می باشد.
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