Test Method Facet and the Construct Validity of Listening Comprehension Tests
محورهای موضوعی : language teaching
رویا خویی
1
(North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
سارا پایدار نیا
2
(North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
کلید واژه: factor analysis, Construct validity, Gap Filling On Summary (Listening Summary Cloze), Multiple-Choice Items, Fill-In-The-Blank Task,
چکیده مقاله :
The assessment of listening abilities is one of the least understood, least developed and, yet, one of the most important areas of language testing and assessment. It is particularly important because of its potential wash-back effects on classroom practices. Given the fact that listening tests play a great role in assessing the language proficiency of students, they are expected to enjoy a high level of construct validity. The present study was dedicated to investigating the construct validity of three different test formats, namely, multiple-choice, gap filling on summary (also called listening summary cloze), and fill-in-the-blank, used to evaluate the listening comprehension of EFL learners. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, three passages with relatively similar readability levels were used for the construction of 9 listening tests, that is, each appeared in three formats. Following a counter-balanced design, the tests were administered to 91homogeneous EFL learners divided into three groups. The statistical analysis of the results revealed that the multiple-choice test enjoyed the highest level of construct validity. Moreover, a repeated measure one-way ANOVA demonstrated that the fill-in-the-blank task was the most difficult with the MC test as the easiest for the participants.
در حیطه آزمون سازی و اندازه گیری، ارزیابی مهارت های شنیداری، علیرغم اهمیت بالای آن ، کمتر مورد توجه و درک متخصصین قرار گرفته و از پیشرفت کمتری نسبت به آنها برخوردار بوده است. اهمیت این حیطه بیشتر ریشه در تأثیرات بازگشتی آن روی تمرین های کلاسی دارد. با توجه به نقش شایان توجه آزمون های شنیداری در اندازه گیری معلومات زبانی فراگیرندگان، از آن ها انتظار میرود که از روایی سازه ای بالایی برخوردار باشند. پژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی روایی سازه ای سه نوع متفاوت از آزمون های شنیداری شامل آزمو ن های چهار جوابی، پر کردن جای خالی در خلاصه متن، و پر کردن در متن دست نخورده با هدف اندازه گیری مهارت شنیدن فراگیران زبان انگلیسی به عنوان یک زبان خارجی انجام شد. برای دستیابی به هدف تحقیق، سه متن با سطح دشواری نسبتا یکسان برای ساخت نه آزمون شنیدن برای درک مفهوم مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. سپس این آزمون ها بر اساس طرح موازنه ای به 91 زبان آموز همگون داده شدند. تحلیل آماری داده ها نشان داد که آزمون چهارجوابی از بالاترین میزان روایی سازه ای برخوردار بود. بعلاوه، بعد از مقایسه ی نتایج آزمون ها با استفاد هاز آزمون ANOVA یکطرفه، نتیجه گرفته شد که آزمون پر کردن جای خالی در متن دست نخورده از همه ی آزمون ها دشوارتر و آزمون چهارجوابی از همه ی آن ها برای شرکت کنندگان در پژوهش آسان تر بود.
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