نقش بقایای گندم و لوبیا به همراه سولفات روی بر برخی ویژگی های کمّی و کیفی گندم
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیابوالفضل باغبانی آرانی 1 , امیر کدخدایی 2 , سیدعلی محمد مدرس ثانوی 3
1 - گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشجوی دکتری خاکشناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
3 - استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: روی, آهن, بقایای گندم و لوبیا, اسید فیتیک,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور اثرات کاربرد بقایای گندم (Triticum aestivum L) و لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris L) به همراه سولفات روی در مزارع گندم بر میزان عملکرد، غلظت روی و آهن، پروتئین و نسبت مولی اسید فیتیک به روی، اسید فیتیک دانه گندم، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1392-1391 در اصفهان در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار با شش تیمار (شاهد، سولفات روی، بقایای گندم، بقایای لوبیا، گندم + روی و بقایای لوبیا + روی) به اجرا در آمد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس بیانگر اختلاف معنی دار عملکرد ماده خشک و دانه، غلظت روی و آهن دانه، غلظت اسید فیتیک دانه، نسبت مولی اسید فیتیک به روی و پروتئین دانه گندم از نظر تیمارهای مختلف بود. نتایج به دست آمده همچنین نشان داد که بالاترین میزان عملکرد، پروتئین و غلظت روی دانه مربوط به تیمار بقایای لوبیا + روی و کمترین میزان آن مربوط به تیمار شاهد بودند. کاربرد بقایای گیاهی در تمامی تیمارهای مورد بررسی در این آزمایش باعث کاهش نسبت مولی اسید فیتیک به روی (شاخص قابلیت جذب روی برای مصرف کننده) و مخصوصاً تیمار بقایای لوبیا + روی نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید. بقایای لوبیا نسبت کربن به نیتروژن کمتری از گندم داشت. همچنین، کاربرد بقایای گیاهی در خاک باعث افزایش معنی دار عملکرد ماده خشک و دانه گندم در سطح احتمال یک درصد در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد شد، به گونه ای که بقایای لوبیا باعث افزایش 20 درصدی در عملکرد دانه گردید. در مجموع، نتایج نشان داد که در شرایط آزمایش حاضر، تیمار بقایای لوبیا + روی با بالاترین میزان عملکرد، غلظت روی و پروتئین دانه و کمترین میزان نسبت مولی اسید فیتیک به روی از سایر تیمارهای مورد بررسی در این آزمایش برتر بود.
In this study the effects of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) residues, along with application zinc sulfate, on zinc, protein, phytic acid concentrations of wheat grain and grain yield were evaluated to do this an experiment based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications and six treatments (control, zinc sulfate, wheat residue, bean residue, wheat residue + zinc sulfate and bean residue + zinc sulfate) was conducted in Isfahan during growing season of 2012-2013. Results of ANOVA showed that there were highly significant differences between wheat and bean residues along with application zinc sulfate, protein, phytic acid in wheat grain, phytic acid to zinc molar ratio and yield. The results also showed that the highest grain yield, protein content and grain zinc concentrations were related to bean residues + application sulfate zinc treatment and the lowest yield to control. The use of crop residue on the soil caused a significant increase in grain yield and shoot, as compared with that of the control (p<0.01). The results also revealed that bean residue caused a 20% increase in grain yield. Application of plant residues, specially bean residues + applivation of zinc sulfate decreased the phytic acid to zinc molar ratio in all treatment in respect to control. Amongst the plant residues, bean residues, as compared with residues had the lowest effect of carbon to nitrogen ratio. The highest wheat grain yield related to the treatment of bean residues + sulfate zinc application. Based on the results of this research it can be concluded that application of bean residues + application sulfate zinc may produce highest grain yield and protein content while the lowest phytic acid to zinc ratio and grain yield from other treatments.
Alloway, B.J. 2008. Zinc in soils and crop nutrition. IZA and IFA, Brussels, Belgium and Paris. 135 pp.
Black, C.A., D.D. Evans, J.L. White, L.E., Ensminger, and F.E., Clark. 1965. Methods of soil analysis: Part 2. Agronomy Monogr 9, ASA, Madison, WI.
Brundtland, G.H. 2002. The world health report. Reducing risks, promoting healthy lives. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Cakmack, I. 2008. Enrichment of cereal grains with zinc: Agronomic or genetic biofortification. Plant and Soil. 302: 1-17.
Dorostcar, V., M. Afyoni, and A.H. Khoshgoftarmanesh. 2013. Effect of some plant debris before planting on concentrations of total and absorbable zinc and phytic acid of wheat grain. Journal of Sciences and Technology of Agriculture and Natural content Resources. 17: 81-93. (In Persian).
El-Magid, A.A.A., R.E. Knany, and H.G.A. El-Fotoh. 2000. Effect of foliar application of some micronutrients on wheat yield and quality. Annals of Agricultural Science Cairo. (1): 301-313.
FAO. 2013. Published online at: Http//faostate.fao.org/sit /339/default. Aspx.
Gee, G.W., and J.W. Bauder. 1986. Particle-size analysis. PP. 383-409. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. 2nd ed., Madison, WI, Agron. ASA, SSSA. 10.
Habibi, H. 2010. Effect of cultivation on some soil chemical properties and growth, yield and zinc concentration in wheat grain. M.Sc. thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. 232 pp. (In Persian).
Hotz, C., and K.H. Brown. 2004. Assessment of the risk of zinc deficiency in populations and options for its control. Food Nutrient Bulltain. 25: 94–204.
Kadkhodaie, A., M. Kalbasi, M. Solhi, H. Nadian, and A. Gholami. 2014. Effect of applying plant residues and zinc sulfate on chemical forms of zinc in rhizosphere and bulk soil and its relationship to wheat grain. Journal of Applied Science and Agriculture. 9(3): 942-947. (In Persian).
Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.H., R. Schulin, R.L. Chaney, B. Daneshbakhsh, and M. Afyuni. 2010. Micro nutrient efficient genotypes for crop yield and nutritional quality in sustainable agriculture. A Review Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 30: 83-107. (In Persian).
Lindsay, W.L., and W.A. Norvell. 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. American Journal of Soil Science Society. 43: 421-428.
Lupwayi, N.Z., G.W. Clayton, J.T. O’Donovan, K.N. Harker, T.K. Turkington, and K. Soon. 2007. Phosphorus release during decomposition of crop residues under conventional and zero tillage. Soil and Tillage Research. 95: 231-239.
Maralian, H., R. Didar Taleshmikail, K. Shahbazi, and M.Torabi Giglou. 2009. Study of the effects of foliar application of Fe and Zn on wheat quality and quantity properties. Agricultural Research: Water, Soil and Plants in Agriculture. 8(4): 47-59. (In Persian).
Moussavi-Nic, M., Z. Rangel, G.J.H. Hollamby, and J.A. Aschar. 1997. Seed manganese content is more important than Mn fertilization for wheat growth under Mn deficient condition. Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Food Production and Environment. 78: 267-268.
Nelson, D.W., and L.E. Sommers. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Madison, W.I., Agron. ASA, SSSA.
Pahlavan Rad, M.R, G. Keykha, and M.R. Naroui Rad. 2009. Effects of application of Zn, Fe and Mn on yield, yield component, nutrient concentration and uptake in wheat grain. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi. 79: 142-150. (In Persian).
Peck, A.W., G.K. McDonald, and R.D. Graham. 2008. Zinc nutrition influences the protein composition of flour in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Cereal Science. 47: 266-274.
Sadri, M.H., and M.J. Malakouti. 2010. Consumption iron, zinc and copper in improving the quantity and quality of wheat. Publish Agricultural Education. pp: 169-189. (In Persian).
Schulin, R., A. Khoshgoftarmensh, M. Afyuni, B. Nowack, and E. Frossard. 2008. Effect of soil management on Zn uptake and its bioavailability in plants. In: Banuelos, G.S. and Z. Lin. (Eds.), Development and Uses of Biofortified Agricultural Productes. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Shahbazi, K., and H. Besharati. 2013. Overview of the fertile agricultural soils in Iran. Journal of Land Management. 1(1): 1-15. (In Persian).
Tan, K.H. 1998. Principles of soil chemistry .3rd ed. M. Sekke, N.Y. Usepa, 1995. Method 3051: Microwave assisted acid digestion of sediments, sludges, soils, and oils. Available online at http://www.epa.gov/SW-846/pdfs/3051.pdf (verified 22 July 2004). USEPA, Washington, DC.
Verma, T.S., and R.M. Bhagat.1992. Impact of rice straw management practices on yield, nitrogen uptake and soil properties in a wheat-rice rotation in northern India. Fertilizer Research. 33: 97-106.
Weggler-Beaton, R.D. Graham, and M.J. Melaugin. 2003. The influence of low rates of arid-dried on yield and phosphorus and zinc nutrition of wheat (Triticum durum) and barley (Hordeum Vulgar). Australian Journal of Soil Research. 41: 293-308.
Wissuma, M., A.M. Ismail, and R.D. Graham. 2007. Rice grain zinc concentrations as affected by genotype, native soil-zinc availability, and zinc fertilization. Plant and Soil. 306: 37-48.
Yilmaz, A., H.B. Torun, I. Gultekin, S. Karanlik, S.A. Bagei, and I. Cakmak. 1997. Effect of different zinc application methods on grain yield and zinc concentration in wheat cultivars grown on zinc deficient Calcareous soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 20: 461-471.
Alloway, B.J. 2008. Zinc in soils and crop nutrition. IZA and IFA, Brussels, Belgium and Paris. 135 pp.
Black, C.A., D.D. Evans, J.L. White, L.E., Ensminger, and F.E., Clark. 1965. Methods of soil analysis: Part 2. Agronomy Monogr 9, ASA, Madison, WI.
Brundtland, G.H. 2002. The world health report. Reducing risks, promoting healthy lives. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Cakmack, I. 2008. Enrichment of cereal grains with zinc: Agronomic or genetic biofortification. Plant and Soil. 302: 1-17.
Dorostcar, V., M. Afyoni, and A.H. Khoshgoftarmanesh. 2013. Effect of some plant debris before planting on concentrations of total and absorbable zinc and phytic acid of wheat grain. Journal of Sciences and Technology of Agriculture and Natural content Resources. 17: 81-93. (In Persian).
El-Magid, A.A.A., R.E. Knany, and H.G.A. El-Fotoh. 2000. Effect of foliar application of some micronutrients on wheat yield and quality. Annals of Agricultural Science Cairo. (1): 301-313.
FAO. 2013. Published online at: Http//faostate.fao.org/sit /339/default. Aspx.
Gee, G.W., and J.W. Bauder. 1986. Particle-size analysis. PP. 383-409. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. 2nd ed., Madison, WI, Agron. ASA, SSSA. 10.
Habibi, H. 2010. Effect of cultivation on some soil chemical properties and growth, yield and zinc concentration in wheat grain. M.Sc. thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. 232 pp. (In Persian).
Hotz, C., and K.H. Brown. 2004. Assessment of the risk of zinc deficiency in populations and options for its control. Food Nutrient Bulltain. 25: 94–204.
Kadkhodaie, A., M. Kalbasi, M. Solhi, H. Nadian, and A. Gholami. 2014. Effect of applying plant residues and zinc sulfate on chemical forms of zinc in rhizosphere and bulk soil and its relationship to wheat grain. Journal of Applied Science and Agriculture. 9(3): 942-947. (In Persian).
Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.H., R. Schulin, R.L. Chaney, B. Daneshbakhsh, and M. Afyuni. 2010. Micro nutrient efficient genotypes for crop yield and nutritional quality in sustainable agriculture. A Review Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 30: 83-107. (In Persian).
Lindsay, W.L., and W.A. Norvell. 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. American Journal of Soil Science Society. 43: 421-428.
Lupwayi, N.Z., G.W. Clayton, J.T. O’Donovan, K.N. Harker, T.K. Turkington, and K. Soon. 2007. Phosphorus release during decomposition of crop residues under conventional and zero tillage. Soil and Tillage Research. 95: 231-239.
Maralian, H., R. Didar Taleshmikail, K. Shahbazi, and M.Torabi Giglou. 2009. Study of the effects of foliar application of Fe and Zn on wheat quality and quantity properties. Agricultural Research: Water, Soil and Plants in Agriculture. 8(4): 47-59. (In Persian).
Moussavi-Nic, M., Z. Rangel, G.J.H. Hollamby, and J.A. Aschar. 1997. Seed manganese content is more important than Mn fertilization for wheat growth under Mn deficient condition. Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Food Production and Environment. 78: 267-268.
Nelson, D.W., and L.E. Sommers. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Madison, W.I., Agron. ASA, SSSA.
Pahlavan Rad, M.R, G. Keykha, and M.R. Naroui Rad. 2009. Effects of application of Zn, Fe and Mn on yield, yield component, nutrient concentration and uptake in wheat grain. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi. 79: 142-150. (In Persian).
Peck, A.W., G.K. McDonald, and R.D. Graham. 2008. Zinc nutrition influences the protein composition of flour in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Cereal Science. 47: 266-274.
Sadri, M.H., and M.J. Malakouti. 2010. Consumption iron, zinc and copper in improving the quantity and quality of wheat. Publish Agricultural Education. pp: 169-189. (In Persian).
Schulin, R., A. Khoshgoftarmensh, M. Afyuni, B. Nowack, and E. Frossard. 2008. Effect of soil management on Zn uptake and its bioavailability in plants. In: Banuelos, G.S. and Z. Lin. (Eds.), Development and Uses of Biofortified Agricultural Productes. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Shahbazi, K., and H. Besharati. 2013. Overview of the fertile agricultural soils in Iran. Journal of Land Management. 1(1): 1-15. (In Persian).
Tan, K.H. 1998. Principles of soil chemistry .3rd ed. M. Sekke, N.Y. Usepa, 1995. Method 3051: Microwave assisted acid digestion of sediments, sludges, soils, and oils. Available online at http://www.epa.gov/SW-846/pdfs/3051.pdf (verified 22 July 2004). USEPA, Washington, DC.
Verma, T.S., and R.M. Bhagat.1992. Impact of rice straw management practices on yield, nitrogen uptake and soil properties in a wheat-rice rotation in northern India. Fertilizer Research. 33: 97-106.
Weggler-Beaton, R.D. Graham, and M.J. Melaugin. 2003. The influence of low rates of arid-dried on yield and phosphorus and zinc nutrition of wheat (Triticum durum) and barley (Hordeum Vulgar). Australian Journal of Soil Research. 41: 293-308.
Wissuma, M., A.M. Ismail, and R.D. Graham. 2007. Rice grain zinc concentrations as affected by genotype, native soil-zinc availability, and zinc fertilization. Plant and Soil. 306: 37-48.
Yilmaz, A., H.B. Torun, I. Gultekin, S. Karanlik, S.A. Bagei, and I. Cakmak. 1997. Effect of different zinc application methods on grain yield and zinc concentration in wheat cultivars grown on zinc deficient Calcareous soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 20: 461-471.
