ارزیابی شاخص های تحمل به تنش کمبود آب در هیبریدهای ذرت
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیجمیله سیدزوار 1 , مجید نوروزی 2 , سعید اهری‌زاد 3
1 - دانش آموخته ی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه بهن‍‍ژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
3 - دانشیار گروه بهن‍‍ژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
کلید واژه: عملکرد دانه, ذرت, تجزیه کلاستر, تجزیه به مؤلفه های اصلی, شاخص تحمل,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی واکنش 14 هیبرید ذرت به سطوح مختلف تنش کمبود آب از نظر شاخص های تحمل به تنش، در سال زراعی 1389 آزمایشی به صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز اجرا شد. کرت های اصلی شامل سطوح مختلف آبیاری (شاهد، تنش ملایم و تنش شدید) و کرت های فرعی دربرگیرنده هیبریدهای مورد ارزیابی بود. پنج شاخص تحمل به تنش برای صفت عملکرد دانه محاسبه شدند. در شرایط تنش ملایم کمبود آب از نظر شاخص های تحمل (TOL) و حساسیت به تنش کمبود آب (SSI)، هیبریدهای SC702، SC500 و K3647×K18 و در شرایط تنش شدید از نظر همین شاخص ها، هیبرید SC500 به عنوان متحمل ترین هیبریدها شناخته شدند. از نظر شاخص های تحمل به تنش (STI)، میانگین هندسی عملکرد (GMP) و میانگین حسابی عملکرد (MP) در هر دو شرایط تنش ملایم و شدید کمبود آب، هیبریدهای K166×K18، SC500، K3647×K18 و SC400 بیشترین تحمل را به تنش کمبود آب نشان دادند. شاخص های GMP و STI که دارای بیشترین همبستگی مثبت با عملکرد در شرایط تنش و
In order to investigate drought tolerance indices of 14 maize hybrids to different levels of water deficit, a split-plot experiment was conducted in complete randomized block design with four replications at the Agricultural Research Station, University of Tabriz. The main plots consisted of three levels of irrigation regimes (control, mild and severe water deficit) and sub-plots of 14 corn hybrids. Drought tolerance indices were calculated for the grain yields produced. Under mild drought condition, hybrids like SC702, SC500 and K3647×K18 were tolerant based on tolerance index (TOL) and stress susceptibility index (SSI) indices while hybrid SC 500 was the most tolerance one. Based on stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP) and geometric mean productivity (GMP) indices under both mild and severe stress conditions hybrids K166×K18, SC500، K3647×K18 and SC400 were found to be the most tolerant to water deficit than others. The STI and GMP indices that had highest positive correlation with grain yield under both of these stress conditions. Thus these two indices were determined as the best indices for selection of tolerant hybrids. Cluster analysis based on these two indices classified hybrids into two groups under mild stress and in three groups under severe stress conditions. Biplot graphs for two main components based on principle components analysis (PCM) displayed that SC500 to be a tolerant maize hybrid in both mild and severe drought stress conditions with high yield performance. Also, hybrids SC700 and SC704 were low yielders under both control and stress conditions and thus were identified to be as sensitive hybrids.
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