اثر مصرف ریزمغذی های روی و آهن بر عملکرد و خصوصیات مورفولوژیک ریشه جو (Hordeum vulgare L) مایکوریزایی
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
1 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران
کلید واژه: روی, آهن, جو, غنی سازی, قارچ مایکوریزا, صفات ریشه,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه کمبود عناصر ریزمغذی در تغذیه انسان سبب بروز مشکلات فراوان از جمله سو تغذیه می شود. یکی از برنامه‌های مهم متخصصان تغذیه افزایش میزان این عناصر در بخش‌های خوراکی گیاهان می‌باشد. به منظور تعیین تأثیر قارچ مایکوریزا و ریزمغذی‌ها بر صفات ریشه جو، تحقیقی در پاییز سال 1392 در شهرستان کرج به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار روی گیاه جو رقم بهمن اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل دو سطح قارچ، بدون مصرف، و خاک مصرف گونه intraradices Glomus به میزان 10 کیلوگرم در هکتار به صورت در کنار بذر، سه سطح آهن، بدون مصرف، مصرف 2.5 و 5 کیلوگرم در هکتار از منبع آهن سکوسترین 138 با بنیان Fe-EDDHA و سه سطح روی شاهد، مصرف 25 و 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات روی بودند. مقایسه میانگین های اثر ساده قارچ مایکوریزا روی صفت‌های طول کل ریشه، تراکم طول ریشه‌ها، طول مخصوص ریشه، درصد کلونیزاسیون ریشه و عملکرد دانه نشان داد که این صفات تحت تیمار قارچ به ترتیب به میزان 900.6 سانتی‌متر، 0.52 سانتی‌متر بر سانتی‌متر مکعب، 1738.1سانتی‌متر بر گرم، 5.41 درصد و 1 تن در هکتار افزایش نشان داده اند. مقایسه میانگین های اثر متقابل سه گانه قارچ مایکوریزا، روی و آهن نشان داد که تیمار مصرف قارچ مایکوریزا، 5 کیلوگرم آهن و عدم مصرف روی بالاترین میزان وزن خشک ریشه را به میزان 2.81 گرم دارا می باشد.
Deficiency of micro-nutrients in human diet may cause health problems. To increase the amount of these elements in the edible parts of the plants would eliminate the incidence of these health problems. Thus, the effects of iron and zinc on seed yield and morphological characteristics of mycorrhized barley (cv. Bahman) root was studied in Karaj, Iran, during growing season of 2013-14. It was carried out in afactorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments consisted two levels of mycorrhiza, non-inoculation (M0) and inoculation with 10 kg/ha of Glomus intraradices (M1), and three levels of iron from Fe-EDDHA (Sequestrene138) as control (F0), 2.5 kg/ha (F1) and 5kg/ha (F2) and three levels of zinc as zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) as control (Z0), 25 kg/ha (Z1) and 50 kg/ha (Z2). The results showed that application of mycorrhiza increased parameters like total root length (TRL), root length density (RLD), specific root length (SLR), root colonization percentage and grain yield by 900.6 cm, 0.52 cm/cm3, 1738.1 cm/g, 5.41% and 1ton/ha respectively. Mean comparisons also revealed that using iron, mycorrhiza and without Zn application increased levels of root dry weight (RDW) by 2.81 g.
Abbott, L.K., and A.D. Robson. 1985. Formation of external hyphae in soil by four species of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytoogistl. 99: 245-255.
Alloway, B.J. 2008. Zinc in soils and crop nutrition. 2nd ed. IZA and IFA, Brussels, Belgium and Paris, France.
AmirAbadi, M., F. Rejali, M.R. Ardakani, and M. Borji. 2010. Effect of Aztobacter and mycorrhiza on Nutrients uptake by Zea on Different level of Phosphorous. Water and Soil Researches. 23(1): 107-115. (In Persian).
Anderson, E.L., P.D. Millner, and H.M. Kunishi. 2008. Maize root length density and mycorrhizal infection as influenced by tillage and soil phosphorus. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 10: 9-16.
Ardakani, M.R., F. Majd, D. Mazaheri, and Gh. Nourmohammadi. 2000. The efficiency of azospirillum, mycorrhiza, streptomyces with the use of manure in wheat using P-32. IranianJournalof Crop Sciences. 1(1): 100-109. (In Persian).
Ardakani, M.R., G. Pietsch, W. Wanek, P. Schweiger, A. Moghaddam, and J.K. Friedel. 2009. Nitrogen fixation and yield of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), as affected by co-inoculation with Sinorhizobium meliloti and arbuscular mycorrhiza under dry organic farming conditions. American-Eurasian Journal Agric and Environ. Sciences. 6(2): 173-183.
Bolan, N.S. 1991. A critical review on the role of mycorrhizal fungi in the uptake of phosphorus by plants. Plant and Soil. 134: 189-207.
Borja, I., H.A. De Wit, A. Steffenrem, and H. Majidi. 2008. Stand age and fine root biomass, distribution and morphology in a Norway spruce chronosequence in southeast Norway. Tree Physiology. 28: 773-784.
Cakmack, I. 2002. Plant nutrition research: Priorities to meet human needs for food in sustainable ways. Plant and Soil. 247: 3-24.
Cardoso, I.M., and T.W. Kuyper. 2006. Mycorrhizas and tropical soil fertility. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 116: 72-84.
Cohen, A.T., P. Mariella, and P. Patricia. 2007. Effect of azospirillum & azotobacter fertilizer on bean plants. International Plant Growth Substances Association 19th Annual Meeting. Puerto Vallarta, Mexico-July, 21-25.
Evans, D.G., and M.H. Miller. 2006. The role of the external mycelial network in the effect of soil disturbance upon vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of maize. New Phytologist. 114(1): 65–71.
Fathi, Gh., and M.R. Enayatgholizade. 2009. The effect of iron, zinc and copper on growth and yield of barley cultivars in Khuzestan conditions. Journal ofCropPhysiology. 1(1): 28-41. (In Persian).
Glick, B.R. 2012. Plant growth-promoting bacteria: Mechanisms and applications. Cientifica. 2012: 1-15.
Hamzehpour, N., M.J. Malakouti, and A. Majidi. 2010. Interaction of zinc, iron and manganese in different organs of wheat. Journal of Soil Research. 24 (1): 1-8. (In Persian).
Hezave, H., and M.R. Ardakani. 2012. Feasibility study on barley biofortification to iron and zinc by mycorrhizal symbiosis. Msc thesis from Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch. 126 pp. (In Persian).
Kathleen, K., R. Tresede, and A. Cross. 2006. Global distributions of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Ecosystems. 9: 305-316.
Kazemi poshtmasari, H., H.A. Pirdashti, and A. Bahmanyar. 2007. Effects of phosphate fertilizers and biologic features two varieties of beans. Journal of Agricultural Sciencesand Natural Resources. 14(6): 20-29. (In Persian).
Malakouti, M.J. 2007. Zinc is a neglected element in the life cycle of plants. Middle Eastern and Russian Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology. 1(1): 1-12.
Manskem, G.B., A. Luttger, R.K. Behl, P.G. Vlekand, and M. Cimmit. 2000. Enhancement of mycorrhiza (VAM) infection, nutrient efficiency and plant growth by Azotobacter chroococcum in wheat. Journal of Plant Breeding.13: 78-83.
Mohammad, M.J., H. Malkawi, and R. Shibli. 2010. Effect of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilization on growth and nutrient uptake of barley grown on soils with different levels of salts. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 26(1): 125-137.
Neuman, E., and E. Geouge. 2004. Colonization with the AMF Glomus mosseae (Nicol and Gerd.) enhanced phosphorus uptake from dry soil in Sorghum bicolor (L.). Journal of Plant and Soil. 261: 245-255.
Oyetunji, O.J., J. IEkanayake, O. Osonubi, and O. Lyasse. 2004. Cassava macro- and micronutrient uptake and partitioning in alley cropping as influenced by Glomus spp. in sub-humid tropics and its impact on productivity. The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. Available in: http://ciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/Articulos_Ciat/cbn/Posters-PDF/Oyetunji%20et%20al%20poster%20of%20CBN6.pdf.
Pahlevan Rad, M.R., M. Kikha, and M.R. Naroei Rad. 2008. Effect of zinc, iron and manganese on yield, yield components, concentration and absorption of nutrients in the Wheat’s grain. Research andDevelopmentin Agriculture andHorticulture. 2(79): 142-150. (In Persian).
Pairunan, A.K., A.D. Robson, and L.K. Abbott. 1980. The effectiveness of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza in increasing growth and phosphorus uptake of subterranean clover from phosphorus of different solubilities. New Phytologist. 84: 327-338.
Safapour, M., M.R. Ardakani, F. Rejali, Sh. Khaghani, and M. Teymoori. 2012. Effect of co-inoculation with Glomus intraradices and Rhizobium phaseoli on yield and yield components of three red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes. New Finding in Agriculture. 6(1): 21-35. (In Persian).
Safapour,M., M.R. Ardakani, Sh. Khaghani,and M. Teymoori. 2011.Response of yield and yield components of three red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes to co-inoculation with Glomus intraradices and Rhizobium phaseoli. American-Eurasian Journal Agriculture and Environment Sciences. 11(3): 398-405.
Salehrastin, N. 1998. Biological fertilizers. Soil and WaterJournal. 12 (3): 1-36. (In Persian).
SAS Institute. 2004. The SAS system for windows. Release 9.1.3. SAS Inst., Cary, NC. USA.
Shahzad,S.M., A. Khalid, M. Arshad,and K. Rehman. 2010. Screening rhizobacteria containing ACC-deaminase for growth promotion of chickpea seedlings under axenic conditions. Soil and Environment. 29(1): 38-46.
Stancheva, M., G. Geneva, G. Zehirov, M. Tsvetkova, and G. Hristozkova. 2006. Effects of combined inoculation of pea plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium on nodule formation and nitrogen fixing activity. Genetic, Applied, Plant Physiology. Special Issue, 61-66.
Tarafdar, J.S., and H. Marschner. 1994. Efficiency of VAM hyphae in utilization of organic phosphorus by wheat plant. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 40(4): 593-600.
Tennant, D. 1975. A test of a modified line intersects method of estimating root length. Journal Ecology. 63: 995-1001.
Varnord wijk, M., and P. Willigen. 1987. Agricultural concepts of roots: From morphogenetic to functional equilibrum between root and shoot growth. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science. 35: 487-496.
Wenke, L. 2009. Correlation between specific fine root length and mycorrhizal colonization of maize in different soil types. Frontiers of Agriculture in China. 3(1): 13-15.
Wilson, A.J., A.W. Robards, and M.J. Goss. 1977. Effects of mechanical impedance on root growth in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) II. Effects on cell development in seminal roots. Journal of Experimental Botany. 28(5): 1216-1227.
Zramos, A.C., P.T. Lima, P.N. Dias, M.C. Kasuya, and J.A. Feijó. 2009. A pH signaling mechanism involved in the spatial distribution of calcium and anion fluxes in ectomycorrhizal roots. New Phytologist. 181: 448–462.
