شناسایی ژنوتیپ های کلزای متحمل به سرما با استفاده از شاخصهای تحمل به تنش تحت تأثیر کاربرد هیومیک اسید
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیشیرین علیزاده 1 , آرش روزبهانی 2 , امیرحسین شیرانی راد 3 , محمدرضا حاج سیدهادی 4
1 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران
3 - مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
4 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران
کلید واژه: تجزیه کلاستر, عملکرد محصول, تجزیه به مؤلفههای اصلی, تنش محیطی,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور شناسایی تحمل به سرما در ژنوتیپ های کلزا با کاربرد هیومیک اسید بر اساس شاخص های تحمل به تنش، آزمایشی در سال 97-1396 و 98-1397 در مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج به صورت فاکتوریل اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تنش سرما به صورت عامل تاریخ کاشت در دو سطح شامل 10 مهر ماه و 10 آبان ماه، و عامل هیومیک اسید نیز در دو سطح شامل عدم کاربرد ( محلول پاشی آب خالص) و کاربرد (محلول پاشی با غلظت 1/5 در هزار در مرحله 4 تا 6 برگی) به عنوان عوامل اصلی به صورت فاکتوریل در کرت های اصلی استفاده شدند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که بین ژنوتیپ های کلزا از نظر شاخص های تحمل به تنش تنوع وجود دارد. بر اساس نتایج مقایسه میانگین ها ژنوتیپ سوم (WRL-95-07) در هر دو محیط تنش و عدم تنش سرما و همچنین کاربرد و عدم کاربرد هیومیک اسید نسبت به سایر ژنوتیپ ها عملکرد بالایی را نشان داد. نتایج تجزیه همبستگی نشان داد شاخص های میانگین تولید شاخص بهره وری (MP)، میانگین هندسی (GMP)، میانگین هارمونیک (HARM) و شاخص تحمل خشکی (STI)، بیشترین همبستگی معنی دار را با عملکرد دانه در شرایط نرمال و تنش داشتند. تجزیه به مؤلفه های اصلی توانست بین شاخص های معرفی کننده ژنوتیپ های متحمل با شاخص های معرفی کننده ژنوتیپ های حساس تفاوت قایل شود و بر این اساس تجزیه کلاستر، 10 ژنوتیپ کلزا را در 3 گروه قرار داد. درنتیجه ژنوتیپ WRL-95-07برای شرایط تنش و عدم تنش با کاربرد هیومیک اسید عملکرد مناسبی داشت و در رتبه بعدی ژنوتیپ WRL-95-12 تحت شرایط تنش با کاربرد هیومیک اسید می تواند عملکرد مطلوبی نسبت به سایر ژنوتیپ ها داشته باشد.
In order to identify cold tolerant cultivars of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) using stress tolerance indices under the influence of humic acid application, an experiment was conducted as factorial split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 and 2018 at Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. Factorial combination of cold stress as planting date factor in two levels including 20 October and 20 November, and humic acid factor in two levels including non-application (foliar spraying with pure water) and application (foliar spraying with a concentration of 1.5 per mil at 4-6-leaf stage) were assigned to the main plots and the cultivars were allocated to the sup-plots. The results showed that rapeseed cultivars differed significantly. Based on the results of means comparison, the cultivar WRL-95-07 showed higher yield in both stress and non-stress environments as well as the application and non-application of humic acid than the other cultivars. The correlation of drought tolerance indices with grain yield under stress and non-stress conditions was used to determine the most suitable indices. Arithmetic mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean (HARM) and stress tolerance index (STI) had the highest significant correlation with yield under normal and stress conditions. Principal component analysis differentiated indices introducing tolerant cultivars and indices introducing susceptible cultivars, and on this basis, the 10 rapeseed cultivars were divided into three groups using cluster analysis. Finally, WRL-95-07 cultivar performed well under stress and non-stress conditions with the use of humic acid, followed by WRL-95-12 cultivar which displayed better performance than the other cultivars under stress conditions when treated with humic acid.
Amiri Oghan, H., R. Ataei, M. Gholamhosseini, and B. Alizadeh. 2018. Evaluation of cold tolerance in rapeseed (Brassica napus ) using stress tolerance indices. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 9(2): 13-28. doi: 10.29252/ jcpp.9.2.13 (In Persian).
Andreas Hunda, Y., V. Fracheboudb, A. Soldatia, and Stampa. 2008. Cold tolerance of maize seedlings as determined by root morphology and photosynthetic traits. European Journal of Agronomy. 28(3): 178-185. doi: 10.1016/j.eja. 2007. 07. 003
Barekati, F., Majidi-Hervan, A.H. Shirani-Rad, and G. Noor-Mohamadi. 2018. Effect of sowing date and humic acid foliar application on yield and yield components of canola cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 25: 70-78. doi: 10.15832/ankutbd.539003 (In Persian).
Butler, D., F. Byrne, V. Mohammadi, and P. Chapman. Agronomic performance of Rht alleles in a spring wheat population across a range of moisture levels. Crop Science. 45: 939-947. doi:10.2135/cropsci2004.0323
· De, R., S. Nóia, J. Paulo, and C. Sentelhas. 2019. Soybean-maize succession in Brazil: Impacts of sowing dates on climate variability, yields and economic profitability. European Journal of Agronomy. 103: 140-151. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2018.12.008
Eid, M.H., and S. Sabry. 2019. Assessment of variability for drought tolerance indices in some wheat (Triticum aestivum ) genotypes. Journal of Agronomy. 41(2): 79 – 91. doi: 10.21608/agro.2019.10401.1153
Ene, O., E. Peter, and U. Christian. 2016. Studies of phenotypic and genotypic variation in sixteen cucumber genotypes. Chilian Journal of Agricultural Research. 76(13): 307-311. doi:10.4067/S0718-58392016000300007
· Fernandez, G.C.J. 1992. Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. In Kuo CG, ed. Adaptation of Food Crops to inTemperature and Water Stress. Shanhua: Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Taiwan, Publ. No 93-410, 257-270.
Fischer R.A., and R. Maurer. 1978. Drought resistance in spring wheat I. Grain yield responses. Crop and Pasture Science. 29: 897–912. doi:10.1071/AR 9780897
Jannin, L., M, Arkoun, A. Ourry, P. Laýˆne, D. Goux, M. Garnica, M. Fuentes, S. Francisco, R. Baigorri, F. Cruz, F. Houdusse, J.M.Garcia-Mina, J.C. Yvin, and P. Etienne. 2012. Microarray analysis of humic acid effects on Brassica napus growth: Involvement of N, C and S metabolisms. Plant Soil. 359: 297–319. doi 10.1007/s11104-012-1191-x
Kheybari, M., S. Saifzadeh, A.H. Shirani-Rad, E. Hadidi-Masouleh, H.R. Zakerin, H. Zeinalzadeh-Tabrizi. 2020. Determination of suitable planting date and stable genotype in cultivars and promising lines of rapeseed (Brassica napus) using GGE Biplot graphical analysis. Applied Research in Field Crops. 32(4): 91-108. (In Persian). doi:10.22092/aj.2019.121709.1295
Klepeckas, M., I. Januškaitienė, L. Vagusevičienė, and R. Juknys. 2020. Effects of different sowing time to phenology and yield of winter wheat. Agricultural and Food Science. 29: 346–358. doi: 23986/afsci.90013
Mackova, H., M. Hronkova, and J. Dobra. Enhanced drought and heat stress tolerance of tobacco plants with ectopically enhanced cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase gene expression. Journal of Experimental Botany .64: 2805–2815. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ert131
Menezes, C., C. Ticona-Benavente, F. Tardin, M. Cardoso, E. Bastos, D. Nogueira, A. Portugal, C. Santos and Schaffert. 2014. Selection indices to identify drought-tolerant grain sorghum cultivars. Genetics and Molecular Research. 13(4): 9817-9827. doi: 10.4238/2014.November.27.9
Mousavi, A., B. Alizadeh, M. Khodarahmi, and K. Mostafavi. 2012. Investigation of cold resistance in winter canola (Brassica napus ) cultivars in field condition. Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. 8(3): 29-37. (In Persian).
Naghavi, M.R., M. Moghaddam, M. Toorchi, and M.R. Shakiba. 2016. Evaluation of spring wheat cultivars based on drought resistance indices. Journal of Crop Breeding. 8(17): 192-207. (In Persian). doi: 18869/acadpub.jcb.8.17.207
· Nasiri, A., M. Sam-Daliri, A.H. Shirani-Rad, A.A. Mousavi, and H. Jabari. 2017. Evaluation of agronomic traits and some physiological characteristics under humic acid application conditions and different plant densities in some winter rapeseed cultivars. Journal of Crop Physiology. 9(35): 55- 72 (In Persian).
Ozer, H. 2003. Sowing date and nitrogen rate effects on growth, yield and yield components of two summer rapeseed cultivars. European Journal of Agronomy. 19: 453-463. doi: 10.1016/S1161-0301(02)00136-3
Rameeh, V. 2018. Late sowing stress tolerance indices for seed yield and contributing traits in rapeseed (Brassica napus ) genotypes. Journal of Oilseed Brassica. 9(1): 17-21. doi: 10.2478/ats-2013-0010
Rezaizad, A., A. Zaree Siahbidi, and F. Moradgholi. 2018. Stability analysis of oil yield in different oilseed rape (Brassica napus ) genotypes in two normal and delayed sowing date in Kermanshah Province. Journal of Crop Breeding. 10(25): 129-137. DOI: 10.29252/jcb.10.25.129 (In Persian).
Soleimani, A., M.R. Bihamta, S.A. Peyghambari, and R. Maali-Amiri. Evaluation of late season drought in barley genotypes using some drought tolerance indices. Journal of Crop Breeding. 9(23): 166-176. doi:102952/jcb.9.23.166 (In Persian).
Ye, C., S. Fukai, I. Godwin, R. Reinke, P. Snell, J. Schiller and J. Basnayake. 2009. Cold tolerance in rice varieties at different growth stages. Crop and Pasture Science. 60(4): 328-338. doi: 10.1071/CP09006
_||_Amiri Oghan, H., R. Ataei, M. Gholamhosseini, and B. Alizadeh. 2018. Evaluation of cold tolerance in rapeseed (Brassica napus ) using stress tolerance indices. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 9(2): 13-28. doi: 10.29252/ jcpp.9.2.13 (In Persian).
Andreas Hunda, Y., V. Fracheboudb, A. Soldatia, and Stampa. 2008. Cold tolerance of maize seedlings as determined by root morphology and photosynthetic traits. European Journal of Agronomy. 28(3): 178-185. doi: 10.1016/j.eja. 2007. 07. 003
Barekati, F., Majidi-Hervan, A.H. Shirani-Rad, and G. Noor-Mohamadi. 2018. Effect of sowing date and humic acid foliar application on yield and yield components of canola cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 25: 70-78. doi: 10.15832/ankutbd.539003 (In Persian).
Butler, D., F. Byrne, V. Mohammadi, and P. Chapman. Agronomic performance of Rht alleles in a spring wheat population across a range of moisture levels. Crop Science. 45: 939-947. doi:10.2135/cropsci2004.0323
· De, R., S. Nóia, J. Paulo, and C. Sentelhas. 2019. Soybean-maize succession in Brazil: Impacts of sowing dates on climate variability, yields and economic profitability. European Journal of Agronomy. 103: 140-151. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2018.12.008
Eid, M.H., and S. Sabry. 2019. Assessment of variability for drought tolerance indices in some wheat (Triticum aestivum ) genotypes. Journal of Agronomy. 41(2): 79 – 91. doi: 10.21608/agro.2019.10401.1153
Ene, O., E. Peter, and U. Christian. 2016. Studies of phenotypic and genotypic variation in sixteen cucumber genotypes. Chilian Journal of Agricultural Research. 76(13): 307-311. doi:10.4067/S0718-58392016000300007
· Fernandez, G.C.J. 1992. Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. In Kuo CG, ed. Adaptation of Food Crops to inTemperature and Water Stress. Shanhua: Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Taiwan, Publ. No 93-410, 257-270.
Fischer R.A., and R. Maurer. 1978. Drought resistance in spring wheat I. Grain yield responses. Crop and Pasture Science. 29: 897–912. doi:10.1071/AR 9780897
Jannin, L., M, Arkoun, A. Ourry, P. Laýˆne, D. Goux, M. Garnica, M. Fuentes, S. Francisco, R. Baigorri, F. Cruz, F. Houdusse, J.M.Garcia-Mina, J.C. Yvin, and P. Etienne. 2012. Microarray analysis of humic acid effects on Brassica napus growth: Involvement of N, C and S metabolisms. Plant Soil. 359: 297–319. doi 10.1007/s11104-012-1191-x
Kheybari, M., S. Saifzadeh, A.H. Shirani-Rad, E. Hadidi-Masouleh, H.R. Zakerin, H. Zeinalzadeh-Tabrizi. 2020. Determination of suitable planting date and stable genotype in cultivars and promising lines of rapeseed (Brassica napus) using GGE Biplot graphical analysis. Applied Research in Field Crops. 32(4): 91-108. (In Persian). doi:10.22092/aj.2019.121709.1295
Klepeckas, M., I. Januškaitienė, L. Vagusevičienė, and R. Juknys. 2020. Effects of different sowing time to phenology and yield of winter wheat. Agricultural and Food Science. 29: 346–358. doi: 23986/afsci.90013
Mackova, H., M. Hronkova, and J. Dobra. Enhanced drought and heat stress tolerance of tobacco plants with ectopically enhanced cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase gene expression. Journal of Experimental Botany .64: 2805–2815. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ert131
Menezes, C., C. Ticona-Benavente, F. Tardin, M. Cardoso, E. Bastos, D. Nogueira, A. Portugal, C. Santos and Schaffert. 2014. Selection indices to identify drought-tolerant grain sorghum cultivars. Genetics and Molecular Research. 13(4): 9817-9827. doi: 10.4238/2014.November.27.9
Mousavi, A., B. Alizadeh, M. Khodarahmi, and K. Mostafavi. 2012. Investigation of cold resistance in winter canola (Brassica napus ) cultivars in field condition. Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. 8(3): 29-37. (In Persian).
Naghavi, M.R., M. Moghaddam, M. Toorchi, and M.R. Shakiba. 2016. Evaluation of spring wheat cultivars based on drought resistance indices. Journal of Crop Breeding. 8(17): 192-207. (In Persian). doi: 18869/acadpub.jcb.8.17.207
· Nasiri, A., M. Sam-Daliri, A.H. Shirani-Rad, A.A. Mousavi, and H. Jabari. 2017. Evaluation of agronomic traits and some physiological characteristics under humic acid application conditions and different plant densities in some winter rapeseed cultivars. Journal of Crop Physiology. 9(35): 55- 72 (In Persian).
Ozer, H. 2003. Sowing date and nitrogen rate effects on growth, yield and yield components of two summer rapeseed cultivars. European Journal of Agronomy. 19: 453-463. doi: 10.1016/S1161-0301(02)00136-3
Rameeh, V. 2018. Late sowing stress tolerance indices for seed yield and contributing traits in rapeseed (Brassica napus ) genotypes. Journal of Oilseed Brassica. 9(1): 17-21. doi: 10.2478/ats-2013-0010
Rezaizad, A., A. Zaree Siahbidi, and F. Moradgholi. 2018. Stability analysis of oil yield in different oilseed rape (Brassica napus ) genotypes in two normal and delayed sowing date in Kermanshah Province. Journal of Crop Breeding. 10(25): 129-137. DOI: 10.29252/jcb.10.25.129 (In Persian).
Soleimani, A., M.R. Bihamta, S.A. Peyghambari, and R. Maali-Amiri. Evaluation of late season drought in barley genotypes using some drought tolerance indices. Journal of Crop Breeding. 9(23): 166-176. doi:102952/jcb.9.23.166 (In Persian).
Ye, C., S. Fukai, I. Godwin, R. Reinke, P. Snell, J. Schiller and J. Basnayake. 2009. Cold tolerance in rice varieties at different growth stages. Crop and Pasture Science. 60(4): 328-338. doi: 10.1071/CP09006