ضرورت مداخله قانونگذار در نهاد مهریه در جهت حل معضل اجتماعی امروز
محورهای موضوعی : زن و خانواده
سالار صادقی
1
(دانش آموخته دکتری حقوق کیفری و جرم شناسی ، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تبریز ، ایران)
عباسعلی اکبری
2
(استادیار ، گروه حقوق، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تبریز، ایران ( نویسنده مسئول )
a.ali_akbari@yahoo.com)
کلید واژه: قانون, ازدواج, مصلحت, مهریه, شوهرآزاری,
چکیده مقاله :
یکی از حقوقی که شرع و قانون برای حمایت از زنان مقرر کرده است، مهریه می باشد. اما مهریه از ارکان نکاح دایم ننبوده و حتی عقد نکاح بدون آن هم صحیح است. مهریه‌های سنگین یکی از معضلات حقوقی و اجتماعی جامعه ماست. به نحوی که در خیلی از موارد، مهریه های نامتناسب و نامعقول به جای تأمین پشتوانه مالی زوجه و استحکام خانواده، ابزاری برای تهدید و ایجاد اضطراب در زوج‌ها و در نتیجه متزلزل نموده بنیان خانواده بکار رفته است تا جایی که موجب بروز پدیده شوهرآزاری گردیده است. لذا مسئله این است که آیا حاکمیت می تواند بنا به مصلحت در تعیین میزان مهریه مداخله کرده و طی یک قاعده آمره آن را تحدید و تعدیل نموده و در راستای کاهش مشکلات حقوقی و اجتماعی از تعیین مهریه‌های نامتناسب و سنگین جلوگیری کند؟ بر این اساس، در مقاله حاضر به این نتیجه رسیده‌ایم که حکومت برمبنای مصلحت و ضرورت، می‌تواند در نهاد مهریه مثل سایر مسائل حقوقی که ابعاد اجتماعی دارند مداخله نموده و از طریق تقنین در صدد تعدیل و تحدید مهریه برآید.
One of the rights established by Sharia and law to protect women is Mahr. But Mahr is not one of the pillars of permanent marriage, and even a marriage without it is valid. Heavy Mahrs are one of the legal and social problems of our society. In many cases, disproportionate and unreasonable Mahrs, instead of providing financial support to the wife and the strength of the family, are used as a tool to threaten and cause anxiety in couples and as a result shake the foundation of the family to the point that it causes the phenomenon of husband abuse. Therefore, the question is whether the government can intervene in determining the amount of Mahr according to its expediency and limit and adjust it according to a commanding rule, and in order to reduce legal and social problems, prevent disproportionate and heavy Mahrs? Accordingly, in the present article, we have come to the conclusion that the government, based on expediency and necessity, can intervene in the institution of Mahr like other legal issues that have social dimensions and seek to adjust and limit the Mahr through legislation.
Al-Hurr al-Amili (1412 AH) Wasa'il al-Shia, Vol 15 and 21, Qom: Al-Bayt Foundation (In Arabic).
Al-Hali, Mohammad Ibn Al-Hassan (Fakhr al-Muhaqiqin) (2008)Explaining the Benefits, Volume 3, Qom, Scientific Press (In Atabic).
Al-Bahr al-Ulum, Al-Sayyid Muhammad (1363), Journal of Jurisprudence, Tehran, Sadiq School (In Arabic).
Alasvand Fariba (2014) The Islamic Government Intervention in Family Laws (Capacities and Necessities), Womens Strategic Studies, Volume:16 Issue: 62, 65-103. (in Persian).
Azimzadeh Ardebili, Faezeh (2012) Pathology and Legal Analysis of the Issue of Dowry Demand and Deterrent Strategies, Book of Strategic Thoughts, Woman and Family, Secretariat of the Strategic Thoughts Meeting, Publication of the Message of Justice. (in Persian).
Baghizadeh, Mohammad Javad and Abdullah Omidifar (1393), "The Necessity of Preserving the System and Preventing Disruption in It in Imamiyeh Jurisprudence. Shiite Studies. Volume 12, Number 47 - Serial Number 47 (In Persian).
Bahmanpouri Abdollah, Jafarpour Soheila (2018), Legal Status and Legal Dowry In The Iranian Legal System With Emphasis On The Family Protection Act 1391, Family Law And Jurisprudence (Nedaye Sadiq), Fall 2017-Winter 2018, Volume 22, Number 67; Page(S) 101 To 125. (in Persian).
Barikloo, Alireza (2011), The Legal Status Of Great Dowry, Private Law Studies Spring 2011, Volume 41 , Number 1; Page(s) 79 To 98 (In Persian).
Emami Namini A.R. (2007) The Nature of The Marriage And The Criticism Of The Excessive Marriage Portion, Maqalat Wa Barrasiha , Winter 2007, Volume 40, Number 86; Page(S) 31 To 44. (in Persian)
Fahimi, Azizullah and Basarti, Davood (2012), A Study of the Jurisprudential and Legal Nature of Dowry, Journal of Legal Knowledge, First Year, Third Issue. (in Persian)
Feizi, Kobra (2007) Dowry in Iranian jurisprudence and legal system and its executive guarantee, Proceedings of the Regional Conference on Women in the Islamic Legal System, Islamic Azad University, Astara Branch. (in Persian)
Gharavi, Hassan; Mehrabi Zadeh, Mohaddeseh and Fatahi, Mohsen (2020) Critical Examination of the Fundamentals of Jurisprudence on the Uncertainty of the Mahreh Imamieh Jurisprudence, Journal of Islamic jurisprudence and law, Volume 12, Issue 2 - Serial Number 24, Winter and Spring 2020, Pages 75-95 (In persian).
Gharavi , Hassan, Mehrabizadeh, Mohadeseh, Fattahi, Mohsen (1398), A Critical Study of the Jurisprudential Principles of the Conventional Validity of Unconventional Dowry in Imami Jurisprudence, Jurisprudential Principles of Islamic Law, Twelfth Year, No. 24 (in Persian).
Ghasemi Roshan, Ebrahim (2003), Spouse Abuse, Behavioral Behavior of Husband, former Women's Book Quarterly (Womens Strategic Studies) No. 20, p 68-43. (in Persian)
Gholizadeh Sarabi A, Ghaffarian S. (2011) Pathology Of Dowry And Social, Cultural, And Economical Factors Affecting It, Sociology Of Women (Journal Of Woman And Society), Vol.2, Number 1 (5); Page(s) 121 To 140. (in Persian).
Gorji, Abolghasem et al. (2005), A Comparative Study of Family Law, Tehran, University of Tehran. (in Persian).
Jabai Al-Ameli, Zainuddin Ibn Nooruddin (2008), Argumentative Jurisprudence, Translated by Abbas Zeraat, Tehran: Fekr (In persian).
Jafari Ali (2015) Urisprudential Feasibility of Delimitation of Dowry, Islamic Jurisprudence Research Summer, Volume 11, Number 2; Page(s) 339 To 366. (in Persian)
Jalali Seyed Mahdi (2010) The Critical Investigation Of Dower In Protective Bill Of The Family, Women's Strategic Studies (Ketabe Zanan), Volume 12, Number 48; Page(s) 183 To 218. (in Persian).
Maragheyi, Mir Abdul Fattah bin Ali (1418 AH), Al-Anawin, Qom, Islamic Publishing Institute (In Arabic).
Mohammad Sarbazjamshid (2016) Invalidity of heavy dowries, interdisciplinary Researches in Jurisprudence, Volume:4 Issue: 8, p 79 – 92. (in Persian).
Mohammadi Rey Shahri, Mohammad (1377), Mizan al-Hikma, translated by Reza Sheikhi, Bija: Dar al-Hadith. (in Persian).
Mousavi Bojnourdi, Sayyid Muhammad Hassan (1419 AH), Rules of Jurisprudence, Qom, Al-Hadi (In Arabic).
Motahari, Morteza (1980), The system of women's rights in Islam, Islamic Publications, ninth edition, Tehran. (in Persian)
Motahari, Morteza (2008), Collection of works of Shahid Motahari, Qom, seventh edition, Sadra Publishing (In Persian).
Mousavi Al-Khomeini, Seyyed Ruhollah (1998), Referendums, Volume II, Qom, Islamic Publications Office, First Edition. (in Persian).
Najafi, Mohammad Hassan, Jawahar al-Kalam (1392), vol. 39, Tehran, Islamic Library (In Arabic).
Nouri, Mirza Hussein (1320), Mustadrak al-Wasa'il, old publishing, vol 15. (In Arabic).
Razavi Seyed Mohammad (2006) A Possible Study of Enacting Law for The Prohibition Of Burdensome Dowries, Family Law And Jurisprudence (Nedaye Sadiq), Fall 2015-Winter 2016, Volume 20, Number 63; Page(S) 141 To 165. (in Persian)
Safi Golpayeghani, Lotfallah (1412 AH), Sharia rules that do not change, Qom, Dar Al-Quran Al-Karim Press (In Arabic).
Sayad, Akram; aqai bejestani, Maryam (2016) Essay on jurisprudence and possible effects of the condition of the dowry, Journal Of Woman And Family Studies, fall 2016-winter2017 , Volume 4 , Number 2 (8) ; Page(s) 151 To 161 (In Persian).
Seyed Mohammad Javad Vaziri Fard , Fatemeh Fallah Tafti (2013) Judicial Review and Solutions for Marriage Portion Reduction, Family Law and Jurisprudence, Volume:18 Issue: 58. (in Persian).
Shafizadeh, Mohaghegh Damad and Pourabdollah, Farzaneh, Maryam Al-Sadat and Kobra (1399), Analysis of the effect of power structure change in the family on the rights of couples, Quarterly Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence and Law, No. 61, pp. 133-160 (In Persian).
Tabatabai, Seyed Mohammad; Habibi Tabar, Javad (1396). Explanation of modern jurisprudence from family consolidation in the Iranian Islamic model of progress, a case study of article dowry. Journal of Iranian Islamic Pattern Studies, 10, (in Persian).
Tavajjohi Abdollali, Malekshah Arezoo (2013) The Place of A Large Dowry In Teachings Of The Religion, Views Of Experts In The Law (Faqihs), And Positive Law, Pazhuheshname-Ye Zanan (Women’s Studies), Spring-Summer 2013, Volume 4, Number 1; Page(s) 39 To 60 (in Persian).
Tusi, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Hassan (1387 AD), Al-Mabsut Fi Fiqh Al-Imamiya, Volume 3, Bija, Al-Muktab Al-Murtazawiyyah. (in Arabic).
Varei, Javad (1392), "Rule of Disruption in the System and Its Contents and Its Realm in Jurisprudence", Islamic government, Volume 47, No 1 (In Persian).
Yosef Zadeh, Hassan (2005) A sociological survey on dowry, Womens Strategic Studies, Volume:7 Issue: 27, p 49. (In Perisan).
_||_
Al-Hurr al-Amili (1412 AH) Wasa'il al-Shia, Vol 15 and 21, Qom: Al-Bayt Foundation (In Arabic).
Al-Hali, Mohammad Ibn Al-Hassan (Fakhr al-Muhaqiqin) (2008)Explaining the Benefits, Volume 3, Qom, Scientific Press (In Atabic).
Al-Bahr al-Ulum, Al-Sayyid Muhammad (1363), Journal of Jurisprudence, Tehran, Sadiq School (In Arabic).
Alasvand Fariba (2014) The Islamic Government Intervention in Family Laws (Capacities and Necessities), Womens Strategic Studies, Volume:16 Issue: 62, 65-103. (in Persian).
Azimzadeh Ardebili, Faezeh (2012) Pathology and Legal Analysis of the Issue of Dowry Demand and Deterrent Strategies, Book of Strategic Thoughts, Woman and Family, Secretariat of the Strategic Thoughts Meeting, Publication of the Message of Justice. (in Persian).
Baghizadeh, Mohammad Javad and Abdullah Omidifar (1393), "The Necessity of Preserving the System and Preventing Disruption in It in Imamiyeh Jurisprudence. Shiite Studies. Volume 12, Number 47 - Serial Number 47 (In Persian).
Bahmanpouri Abdollah, Jafarpour Soheila (2018), Legal Status and Legal Dowry In The Iranian Legal System With Emphasis On The Family Protection Act 1391, Family Law And Jurisprudence (Nedaye Sadiq), Fall 2017-Winter 2018, Volume 22, Number 67; Page(S) 101 To 125. (in Persian).
Barikloo, Alireza (2011), The Legal Status Of Great Dowry, Private Law Studies Spring 2011, Volume 41 , Number 1; Page(s) 79 To 98 (In Persian).
Emami Namini A.R. (2007) The Nature of The Marriage And The Criticism Of The Excessive Marriage Portion, Maqalat Wa Barrasiha , Winter 2007, Volume 40, Number 86; Page(S) 31 To 44. (in Persian)
Fahimi, Azizullah and Basarti, Davood (2012), A Study of the Jurisprudential and Legal Nature of Dowry, Journal of Legal Knowledge, First Year, Third Issue. (in Persian)
Feizi, Kobra (2007) Dowry in Iranian jurisprudence and legal system and its executive guarantee, Proceedings of the Regional Conference on Women in the Islamic Legal System, Islamic Azad University, Astara Branch. (in Persian)
Gharavi, Hassan; Mehrabi Zadeh, Mohaddeseh and Fatahi, Mohsen (2020) Critical Examination of the Fundamentals of Jurisprudence on the Uncertainty of the Mahreh Imamieh Jurisprudence, Journal of Islamic jurisprudence and law, Volume 12, Issue 2 - Serial Number 24, Winter and Spring 2020, Pages 75-95 (In persian).
Gharavi , Hassan, Mehrabizadeh, Mohadeseh, Fattahi, Mohsen (1398), A Critical Study of the Jurisprudential Principles of the Conventional Validity of Unconventional Dowry in Imami Jurisprudence, Jurisprudential Principles of Islamic Law, Twelfth Year, No. 24 (in Persian).
Ghasemi Roshan, Ebrahim (2003), Spouse Abuse, Behavioral Behavior of Husband, former Women's Book Quarterly (Womens Strategic Studies) No. 20, p 68-43. (in Persian)
Gholizadeh Sarabi A, Ghaffarian S. (2011) Pathology Of Dowry And Social, Cultural, And Economical Factors Affecting It, Sociology Of Women (Journal Of Woman And Society), Vol.2, Number 1 (5); Page(s) 121 To 140. (in Persian).
Gorji, Abolghasem et al. (2005), A Comparative Study of Family Law, Tehran, University of Tehran. (in Persian).
Jabai Al-Ameli, Zainuddin Ibn Nooruddin (2008), Argumentative Jurisprudence, Translated by Abbas Zeraat, Tehran: Fekr (In persian).
Jafari Ali (2015) Urisprudential Feasibility of Delimitation of Dowry, Islamic Jurisprudence Research Summer, Volume 11, Number 2; Page(s) 339 To 366. (in Persian)
Jalali Seyed Mahdi (2010) The Critical Investigation Of Dower In Protective Bill Of The Family, Women's Strategic Studies (Ketabe Zanan), Volume 12, Number 48; Page(s) 183 To 218. (in Persian).
Maragheyi, Mir Abdul Fattah bin Ali (1418 AH), Al-Anawin, Qom, Islamic Publishing Institute (In Arabic).
Mohammad Sarbazjamshid (2016) Invalidity of heavy dowries, interdisciplinary Researches in Jurisprudence, Volume:4 Issue: 8, p 79 – 92. (in Persian).
Mohammadi Rey Shahri, Mohammad (1377), Mizan al-Hikma, translated by Reza Sheikhi, Bija: Dar al-Hadith. (in Persian).
Mousavi Bojnourdi, Sayyid Muhammad Hassan (1419 AH), Rules of Jurisprudence, Qom, Al-Hadi (In Arabic).
Motahari, Morteza (1980), The system of women's rights in Islam, Islamic Publications, ninth edition, Tehran. (in Persian)
Motahari, Morteza (2008), Collection of works of Shahid Motahari, Qom, seventh edition, Sadra Publishing (In Persian).
Mousavi Al-Khomeini, Seyyed Ruhollah (1998), Referendums, Volume II, Qom, Islamic Publications Office, First Edition. (in Persian).
Najafi, Mohammad Hassan, Jawahar al-Kalam (1392), vol. 39, Tehran, Islamic Library (In Arabic).
Nouri, Mirza Hussein (1320), Mustadrak al-Wasa'il, old publishing, vol 15. (In Arabic).
Razavi Seyed Mohammad (2006) A Possible Study of Enacting Law for The Prohibition Of Burdensome Dowries, Family Law And Jurisprudence (Nedaye Sadiq), Fall 2015-Winter 2016, Volume 20, Number 63; Page(S) 141 To 165. (in Persian)
Safi Golpayeghani, Lotfallah (1412 AH), Sharia rules that do not change, Qom, Dar Al-Quran Al-Karim Press (In Arabic).
Sayad, Akram; aqai bejestani, Maryam (2016) Essay on jurisprudence and possible effects of the condition of the dowry, Journal Of Woman And Family Studies, fall 2016-winter2017 , Volume 4 , Number 2 (8) ; Page(s) 151 To 161 (In Persian).
Seyed Mohammad Javad Vaziri Fard , Fatemeh Fallah Tafti (2013) Judicial Review and Solutions for Marriage Portion Reduction, Family Law and Jurisprudence, Volume:18 Issue: 58. (in Persian).
Shafizadeh, Mohaghegh Damad and Pourabdollah, Farzaneh, Maryam Al-Sadat and Kobra (1399), Analysis of the effect of power structure change in the family on the rights of couples, Quarterly Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence and Law, No. 61, pp. 133-160 (In Persian).
Tabatabai, Seyed Mohammad; Habibi Tabar, Javad (1396). Explanation of modern jurisprudence from family consolidation in the Iranian Islamic model of progress, a case study of article dowry. Journal of Iranian Islamic Pattern Studies, 10, (in Persian).
Tavajjohi Abdollali, Malekshah Arezoo (2013) The Place of A Large Dowry In Teachings Of The Religion, Views Of Experts In The Law (Faqihs), And Positive Law, Pazhuheshname-Ye Zanan (Women’s Studies), Spring-Summer 2013, Volume 4, Number 1; Page(s) 39 To 60 (in Persian).
Tusi, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Hassan (1387 AD), Al-Mabsut Fi Fiqh Al-Imamiya, Volume 3, Bija, Al-Muktab Al-Murtazawiyyah. (in Arabic).
Varei, Javad (1392), "Rule of Disruption in the System and Its Contents and Its Realm in Jurisprudence", Islamic government, Volume 47, No 1 (In Persian).
Yosef Zadeh, Hassan (2005) A sociological survey on dowry, Womens Strategic Studies, Volume:7 Issue: 27, p 49. (In Perisan).
