تبیین نقش خانواده در اشتیاق به شغل و فعّالیت در میان زنان سرپرست خانوار
محورهای موضوعی : زن و خانواده
نوروز هاشم زهی
1
(
استادیار گروه علوم اجتماعی و ارتباطات، واحد تهران شرق ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران، ( نویسنده مسئول ) no_hashemzehi@yahoo.com)
)
کلید واژه: اشتیاق شغلی, زنان سرپرست خانوار, فقر زنان, خانواده راهیاب,
چکیده مقاله :
خانواده مهمترین نهاد جامعه پذیری است و هر گونه اختلال در کارکرد خانواده ارکان جامعه را متاثر می سازد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی نقش خانواده در اشتیاق به شغل در میان زنان 18 تا 60 ساله سرپرست خانوار قیامدشت با روش پیمایش و ابزار پرسشنامه و حجم نمونه 100 نفر با نمونه‌گیری سیستماتیک انجام شد. روایی با قضاوت متخصصین امر و پایایی ابزار با ضریب آلفای کرونباخ مورد تأیید قرار گرفت.نتایج نشان داد، 14 درصد از زنان بی‌سوادند، مرتبه شغلی پدران آنان پایین است، اما خودشان مرتبه شغلی متوسطی را آرزو داشته و 87 درصد اشتیاق شغلی بالایی داشته‌اند. خیاطی، آرایشگری، قالیبافی، آشپزی، فروشندگی از مهمترین زمینه‌های تمایل به اشتغال آنان بوده است. میان تحصیلات پدر، مادر، همچنین سن مناسب ازدواج دختران از نظر مادر با اشتیاق شغلی زنان ارتباط وجود دارد امّا همبستگی میان، مدّت زمان سکونت پدر و مادر در شهر تهران، سن مناسب برای ازدواج دختر از نظر پدر، بعد و هزینه‌های ماهیانه خانوار، منزلت شغلی پدر، انگیزه کار و موفقیت زنان با اشتیاق شغلی آنان تأیید نشد. هیچکدام از ویژگی‌های خانوادگی بر اشتیاق شغلی زنان اثری نداشت.توانمندسازی زنان نیازمند تحول در تمام نهادهای مرتبط است. کاهش مشکلات زنان باید کارآفرینی و ایجاد اشتغال در اولویت قرار گیرد.
The family is the most important institution of socialization and any disruption in the functioning of the family affects the pillars of the society. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the role of family in the desire for a job among 18-60-year-old female heads of households in Qiyamdasht using a survey method and a questionnaire tool and a sample size of 100 people by systematic sampling. Validity was confirmed by the judgment of experts and the reliability of the instrument was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient.The results showed that 14% of the women are illiterate, their fathers' occupational status is low, but they themselves wished for an average occupational status and 87% had a high job enthusiasm. Tailoring, hairdressing, carpet weaving, cooking, sales have been among the most important areas of their desire to be employed.There is a relationship between father's and mother's education, as well as the suitable age for marriage of daughters from the mother's point of view, with women's career aspirations, but there is a correlation between the length of time the parents have lived in Tehran, the suitable age for the daughter's marriage from the father's point of view, and monthly expenses. Family, father's occupational status, work motivation and women's success were not confirmed by their career enthusiasm. None of the family characteristics had any effect on women's job enthusiasm.Empowering women requires transformation in all relevant institutions. To reduce women's problems, entrepreneurship and job creation should be prioritized.
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Kazemipour, Shahla (1999). A model in determining the socio-economic base of people and measuring social mobility (based on a case study in Tehran). Journal of Social Sciences, No. 14.
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Kamali, Afsane. (2005). Women and Double Poverty, Social Welfare Research Quarterly, 13(12) 201-182
Koen, Bruce (1993). An Introduction to Sociology (Translation: Gholam Abbas Tavasoli and Reza Fazel). Qom: Samt Publishing, fifth edition.
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Afrogh, Emad (2013). Space and society: urban space and social inequality (providing a model for spatial separation and its consequences). Tehran: Alam. Publishing.
Abbott, Pamela and Wallace, Claire (2013). Sociology of women (Translation: Manijeh Najm Iraqi). Third edition. Tehran: Ney Publishing.
Aron, Raymond (1991). Basic stages of thought in sociology (Translation: Baqer Parham). Tehran: Islamic Revolution Education Publications.
Javaheri, Fatemeh (2007). Exploring the effects of society stratification. Journal of Human Sciences, No: 53 83-116.
Hasanmiri, Fahima (2015). Monday, August 18, 2015 http://www. khabaronline.ir).
Khodabandelo, Saeed (1993). Social mobility (intergenerational): a case study of the city of Kermanshah. Tehran: Tarbiat Modares University, master's thesis in the field of sociology.
Roche, Gay (1997). Sociology of Talcott Parsons (Translation: Abdul Hossein Nikgohar). Tehran: Tebian Publishing.
Zare, Reza; Safari Dashtaki, Mohammad. (2018) Designing and explaining the paradigmatic model of social entrepreneurship with the approach of empowering women heads of households (Case study: Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA) Fars Province). Women in Development and Politics, No. 4, pp. 237-272.
Safiri, Khadija and Imani, Elaha (2005). Intergenerational social mobility of women in Tehran with an emphasis on access to facilities and opportunities. Women in Development and Politics Magazine, No. 14.
Seidan, Fariba and Khalifa Lu Seryeh, Abbas (2008). Family and women's career promotion: Investigating factors affecting the level of career promotion of women working in government offices in Isku city, with an emphasis on family. Journal of Women's Studies. Year 6. Number 2.
Shaditalab, Jaleh; Gairnejad, Alireza. (2004). Poverty of female heads of the household, Women's Research Quarterly, 2(1) Anbari, Musa, Bagaei Sara (2013) The relationship between the culture of poverty and victimization of women living on the outskirts of the city (case study: Dizaj district of Hamedan city), Journal of Rural-Urban Local Development (Development) Rural), period 6, number 2 (consecutive 11); From page 209 to page 232.
Fetres, Mohammad Hassan and Qudsi, Sodeh. (2017). Multidimensional poverty of male and female heads of households in urban and rural areas of Iran using the Alkayer and Foster method, social welfare, 18(69), 185-222.
Kazemipour, Shahla (1999). A model in determining the socio-economic base of people and measuring social mobility (based on a case study in Tehran). Journal of Social Sciences, No. 14.
Kurdzanganeh, Jafar and Iqbali, Alireza (2017). Investigating the employment status of women heads of households in Iran, No. 97 and 98
Kamali, Afsane. (2005). Women and Double Poverty, Social Welfare Research Quarterly, 13(12) 201-182
Koen, Bruce (1993). An Introduction to Sociology (Translation: Gholam Abbas Tavasoli and Reza Fazel). Qom: Samt Publishing, fifth edition.
Greb, Edward. (1994). Social inequality, the perspective of classical and contemporary theorists (Translation: Mohammad Siahposhan and Ahmadreza Gharavizadeh). Contemporary publications.
Report on the social and cultural situation of Iran, (2019). Statistical Center of Iran
Mohammadpour, Ahmad; Alizadeh, Mehdi (2011) Women and the culture of poverty, a qualitative study of the culture of poverty among women heads of households covered by Sari welfare, Journal of Social Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 165-197
Malek, Hassan (2009). Sociology of strata and social inequalities. Tehran: Payam Noor University Press.
Movahed, Ali and Valinouri, Saman (2015). Dynamic analysis of urban poverty in Tehran metropolis, 1996-9, Geography, scientific-research and international quarterly of the Iranian Geographical Society, new period, year 15, number, 55, winter.
Mehri, Bahar and Foroghi, Maryam (2017). Analyzing the role of charities in creating and perpetuating female poverty, Women in Development and Politics (Women's Research), Volume 16, Number 1, 27-49
Mila Elami, Zahra; Zaruki, Shahryar and Mahdavi Chabok, Seyedeh Mona (2013). Assessing the demographic factors affecting women's economic participation in urban areas of Iran, " Female in Development and Politics" (Women's Research), (series 47), number 4
