تبیین رویکرد اکوزوفی در ارتقای پایدارسازی میراث بومی اکوموزهها (نمونه موردی موزه میراث روستایی گیلان)
محورهای موضوعی : دو فصلنامه فضای زیست
نازنین اسلامی
1
(دانش آموخته دکتری ، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.)
کلید واژه: موزه میراث روستایی گیلان, پایداری اجتماعی, پایداری محیط زیست, اکوموزه, اکوزوفی,
چکیده مقاله :
با مصرف بی‌رویه انرژی و مخاطرات ناشی از آن، که به نگرانی جهانی تبدیل شده است، روز‌به‌روز توجه به فناوری‌های بومی اهمیت بیشتری مییابد. در فرآیند جهانی شدن، تنوعات فرهنگی محلی رو به تهدید رفته اند و در این میان دغدغه تضعیف ریشه های هویتی متنوع و به‌ویژه اختلافات فرهنگی متعلق به جمعیت های روستایی، همواره به عنوان چالش اصلی مباحث بین المللی مطرح بوده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تبیین نقش رویکرد اکوزوفی در ارتقای پایدارسازی میراث بومی اکوموزهها تدوین شده است تا به این سوالات پاسخ داده شود: رویکرد اکوزوفی چه نقشی در ارتقای بحث پایدارسازی میراث بومی اکوموزهها دارد؟ اکوموزهها چگونه می‌توانند با در‌نظر‌گرفتن این رویکرد ضمن توسعه برخی از توان‌های محیطی‌شان، نقش معناداری در زمینه شناخت و ادراک فضای سنتی خرده فرهنگ‌ها را ایفا کنند؟ این پژوهش به‌صورت تطبیقی و با رویکردی کیفی به کمک مطالعات اسنادی صورت‌گرفته است که در آن از روشتحقیق تاریخی-تفسیری در بخش گردآوری مبانی نظری-تاریخی و روشتحقیق توصیفی-تحلیلی در زمینه بررسی نمونه مورد مطالعه (موزه میراث روستایی گیلان) استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری شامل تمام اکوموزهها می‌باشند و جامعه نمونه شامل آن تعداد از اکوموزهها می‌باشند که از نظر شباهتهای کالبدی و عملکردی دارای قرابت‌های سبک‌شناسانه می‌باشند. در نهایت مدل تحلیلی پژوهش براساس تطبیق رویکرد اکوزوفی از دیدگاه گاتاری و رویکردهای زمینه‌گرایی، پایداری‌اجتماعی و معماری زیست‌واره طراحی شده است. نتایج حاصل از پژوهش نشان می دهند در مقایسه تطبیقی هریک از مولفه‌های اکوزوفی در سه سطح اکولوژی ذهنی، اکولوژی اجتماعی و اکولوژی طبیعی با رویکردهای مورد بررسی (شامل پایداری‌اجتماعی، زمینه‌گرایی فرهنگی-اجتماعی و معماری زیست‌واره) شباهتهای معناداری وجود دارد و این شباهت‌ها در اکوموزهها و به ویژه موزه میراث روستایی گیلان در قالب شباهتهای عینی، عملکردی و کالبدی تجلی یافته است. اکوموزهها با بهره‌گیری از رویکردهای نوین پایداری اجتماعی و زمینه گرایی فرهنگی صورت و معنای جدیدی از واژه‌های میراث، حفاظت و آموزش را به بازدید‌کنندگان و خرده فرهنگ خود هدیه می‌دهند.
With the excessive consumption of energy and its risks, which has become a global concern, paying attention to indigenous technologies becomes more important day by day. In the process of globalization, local cultural diversities have been threatened, and among these, the concern of weakening the roots of diverse identity and especially the cultural differences belonging to rural populations has always been raised as the main challenge of international discussions in recent years. The set of these developments has been the focus of a new look at modern concepts in the field of the concept of heritage as well as museology knowledge. According to what was noticed about the evolutionary process of Eco-museums, this cultural, social and environmental phenomenon can be described as a symbolic evolution in the age of globalization. A phenomenon that initially arose due to economic reasons and then gained strength with government investment and was gradually mixed with popular participation. Further, its protection goals were emphasized and various elements were added to it. Gradually, the communication between sciences found a more prominent role in the management of Eco-museums, and educational goals were also seen in it, which is a sign of the professionalization of the concept of Eco-museums in the thinking of the 20th century. The present study was developed with the aim of explaining the role of the Ecosophical approach in promoting the sustainability of the local heritage of Eco-museums in order to answer these questions: What role does the Ecosophical approach play in promoting the sustainability of the local heritage of Eco-museums? How can eco-museums, considering this approach, while developing some of their environmental capabilities, play a significant role in the field of knowledge and understanding of the traditional space of subcultures? The framework of the research is based on the analysis of the famous French thinker Felix Guattari's point of view in the comparative study of the ecosophy concept in the relationship between the body, environment and human needs as three influencing factors on the quality of body design and based on that, the initial research model is designed. It has been laid out. Then, according to the theoretical foundations of the approaches related to the concept of eco-museum, another model is presented in relation to the interaction of the concept of eco-museum with the approaches of social-cultural Contextualism / social sustainability and architecture inspired by nature, and finally the main model of the research is based on the relationship between the two The first model was formed and their common components were extracted. This research was conducted in a comparative manner and with a qualitative approach with the help of documentary studies, in which the historical-interpretive research method was used in the part of gathering theoretical-historical foundations and the descriptive-analytical research method was used in the context of examining the sample under study (Rural Heritage Museum of Guilan). The statistical population includes all Eco-museums, and the sample population includes those eco-museums that have stylistic affinities in terms of physical and functional similarities. Finally, the analytical model of the research is designed based on the adaptation of Felix Guattari's point of view (about Ecosophy) and the approaches of Contextualism, social sustainability and ecosystem architecture. The results of the research show that there are significant similarities in the comparative comparison of each of the components of Ecosophy in the three levels of mental ecology, social ecology and natural ecology with the approaches examined (including social sustainability, Socio-cultural Contextualism and ecosystem architecture) and these similarities in Eco-museums and Especially the rural heritage museum of Guilan has been manifested in the form of objective, functional and physical similarities. Using new approaches of social sustainability and cultural Contextualism, eco-museums present a new meaning of the words heritage, protection and education to their visitors and subculture. Eco-museums can be considered as a special geographical area where cultural heritage is protected and through people's participation, they try to create a coherent network to introduce the knowledge of the past to the current and future generations. From this point of view, eco-museums are considered as spaces completely dependent on nature, which have rediscovered their form in the course of social developments. Places with real identity that are considered local, national and global capital.
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