Typological Analysis of Theories and Approaches for Transect Model Backgrounds

محورهای موضوعی : Space Ontology International Journal

Mustafa Behzadfar ¹ , Mehran Alalhesabi ² , Eelnaz Amirhodaei ³

1 - Professor of Iran Science and Technology University, Department of Architecture and Urbanism, Tehran,Iran
2 - Assistant Professor of Iran Science and Technology University, Department of Architecture and Urbanism, Tehran,Iran
3 - PhD Candidate, Faculty of Architecture and Urban planning, Iran university of science and technology, Tehran, Iran

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/12/02 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/12/02 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/09/10

کلید واژه: Typological analysis, Transect theory and approach, cross-section, Theorizing,

چکیده مقاله :

Theory, approach and the tools of transect model have recently turned into one of the fundamental maxims of urban design and planning in the urbanization systems in Europe, the United States and more recently the middle-east, its fundamentals are based on reaching the sustainable development patterns in urban areas. A general accordance regarding the operationalizability of this theory and approach in creating sustainable urban development considers its generalizability in the urbanization system in Iran. The following article tries to shed light on this new approach (Transect) and to analyze and discuss its probable advances and weaknesses on controlling and directing the spaces by reviewing the literature of the research subjective through a typology of the theory and the transect approach and collection of its fundamental theories by highlighting its different aspects.Findings of the research show that transect model is, in fact, a type of cross-sections which take advantage of the theories of natural urban camouflage along in leading and controlling of urban areas which are based on the urban character. Also, by reviewing the literature f the subject toward the transect model and its background theories and approaches and to defy its similarities and differences; typology was performed based on 8 theoretical orientation indexes; subject of the theory or the approach; type of advantage from the primary discipline of ecology; urban design and planning paradigm; purpose of employing cross-sections; the type of considered order; considered elements of the place, extent of the theory or the approach. Analysing this theoretical framework shows that has a relative improvement of the transect model based on all of the typological components and those related to the ones connected to the spaces and paradigms of urban design and planning. Therefore, theorizing or expanding the theory and approach of transect model is recommended in order to solve its shortcomings and weaknesses along with attending to all of the aspects of the space and synchronizing with the paradigm of evolution as the superior paradigm of urban design and planning.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Alexander, Christopher (2009) A pattern language, Trans: Reza Karbalai Norouzi., Tehran, Center for Urban Studies and Architecture in Iran.


2. Alexander, Christopher. The Nature of Order: An Essay on the Art of Building and the Nature of the Universe, Book 1 - The Phenomenon of Life,  Translated by Siroosh Sabouri and Ali Akbari, Parham Naghsh publications, Tehran.


3. McHarg, Ian L. Design with Nature. Translated by Abdol Hossein Vahabzadeh, Jahad Daneshgahi, Mashhad, 2008.


4. Daneshpour, Zohreh. (2000) “An introduction to the theoretical basis and the typology of the planning theories with a focus on urban planning” Fine Arts magazine, :  42-57.


5. Ejlali, Parviz (2009) “Identifying the planning theory and its types”. Social science quarterly, issue 44, pp.1-47.


6. Golkar, Kourosh. (2009). Creating sustainable places, ideas revolving the urban design theory. Tehran, Shahid Beheshti University (SBU).


7. Jon Lang (2012). “Urban Design: A Typology of Procedures and Products” with more that 50 specific instances, translated by: Hosein Bahreini, 5th publications, Tehran university publications.


8. Lang, Jon T. Creating Architectural Theory: The Role of the Behavioral Sciences in Environmental Design. Translated by Alireza Einifar, 2nd print. Tehran, Tehran university publications 2004.


9. Marshall. Stefan. (2014). Cities design and Evolution., Trans: Seyyed Hossein Bahraini and Ameneh Bakhtiar., Tehran university press, Tehran.


10. Mir Moghtadaei, Mahta. (2006) “Suggesting a method in order to analyse the ‘character’ of  a city” Environtology, 39: pp. 129-140.


11. Mohajeri, Nahid; Shiva, Qomi. “An analytical approach on the design theories of Christopher Alexander: From notes in the combination of form in the language and the pattern language to new concepts of the complexity theory.” Hoviat-e Shahe, 2: pp. 45-56.


12. Rafian, Mojtaba; Asgari, Ali and PArviz Ejlali (2005). Theory of planning: Traditional and Modern viewpoints, Aagah Publications.


13. Safiyan, Alireza; Mokhtari, Zahra; Khajeh, Seyye Jamallodin and Hamireza Ziaie. (2001). “Analysis of the gradient of the urban territorial patterns (case study: City of Isfahan). Human Geography research center  45 (1): 87–104.


14. Teymouri, Javad; Eshagh, Mahmoud Zeibary;Sobhani, Houshang and houshang pourshafi zanganeh. (2003) “Comparison of the systematically random inventory with circular sampling inputs and the transect method in the regard to the precision and the lower costs in the west Oak jungles”, Natural resources of Iran magazine, issue: 56., pp. 96-383.