Explaining the Role of Light on Quality of the Architectural Spaces in Iranian Mosques

محورهای موضوعی : Space Ontology International Journal

Fariba Alborzi ¹ (Ph.D., Department of Art and Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Farah Habib ² (Professor, Department of Art and Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Iraj Etessam ³ (Professor, Department of Art and Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/03/27 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/03/27 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/12/11

کلید واژه: Light, Quality of Architectural Space, Iranian Mosques, Nasir-Al-Molk Mosque in Shiraz, Sheikh Lotf-Allah Mosque in Isfahan, Vakil Mosque in Shiraz,

چکیده مقاله :

The research analyses the essence and relationships between the variables in the context of light and architecture, and it aims to develop the knowledge and design based on the light and recognition of the space, an effort was made to analyze the role of light on quality of the Iranian architecture and three samples of the most precious mosques were selected as the instances of this phenomenon, eg., Nasir-Al-Molk Mosque in Shiraz, Sheikh Lotf-Allah Mosque in Isfahan and Vakil Mosque in Shiraz. Light processing has different specifications in each of the mentioned mosques, as it is applied in a specific way which deserves consideration and it represented a number of considerable beautiful aspects. According to the valuable role of light on definition and interpretation of the space, it is assumed that: light has a great value in the quality of the spaces in the architecture of Iranian mosques and the fact it plays an effective role in elevating the “quality” of the architectural space and to elevate the “spatial quality and value”, and it was employed to induct the concepts including “movement”, “stillness”, “calmness” and “silence”, “sanctity”, “focus”, “attention”, “passion and excitement”, “clarity”, “ambiguity”, “sequence”, “guidance”, “routing”, “inviting”, “reflection”, “beauty” and “esthetic” of the architectural space, developing a sense of “memorability” of the architectural space, “vitality” and “dynamism” of the space, “semanticization” of the architectural space, inducting a “special sense and spirit to the space”, and “spiritual” characteristics to space, heightening the “sense of spirituality”, creating “immaterial space”, shaping the sense of “movement”, “continuity of path”, “continuity of movement and routing”, “light and shadow in the path”, and “internal space essence change”, “Spatial perception”, inducting the “sense of place”, “sense of time”, “sense of belonging”, “identification”, and shaping the “sense of presence”, “contemplation” and “persistence” of people in the space. In the hypothesis of the research, light is the independent variable and quality of architectural space and concepts are the dependent variables. The research is done with a descriptive-survey method and the data was analyzed by the SPSS18, the results are presented in the form of charts and tables.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Alborzi, Fariba, (2013). “Connections’ Recognition between Light and Architecture (Case Study: Iran Architecture)”. PhD dissertation . Thesis Advisor: Farah Habib, Consulting Advisor: Iraj Etessam, Tehran: Islamic Azad University, Science and Research branch.(in Persian)


2. Ander, Gregg D., (1995). “DayLighting Performance and Design”. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.


3. Ardalan, Nader and Bakhtiar, Laleh, (2012). “Sense of Unity”. Translation, Shahrokh,Hamid; Khaak publications, Esfahan, Iran.(In Persian)


4. Boa, Ben (1997). “Beautiful Light” translated by Parviz Ghavami, Tehran, Soroush publications (IRIB), first publication. .(In Persian)


5. Bulkhario, Ghahi, Hassan (2005). “Fundamentals of mystic Islamic Art and Architecture, second book: Elixir of dream”, first publication; research center for the Islamic art and culture, tehran. .(In Persian)


6. Burckhardt, Titus (1986). “Islamic Art, Language and Statement”, translated by Masoud Rajab Nia, Tehran, Soroush Publications. .(In Persian)


7. Egan. M., Olgyay, Victor, (2011), “Architectural Lighting”, Translated by: Mohammad Tolo Khorasanian, Tehran; Tarrah publication and circle for design. .(In Persian)


8. Falamaki, Mohammad Mansour, (2008). “Theoretical roots and tendencies of architecture”, Tehran, Space publications, 2nd edition. .(In Persian)


9. Gardner, Carl and Molouni, Rafael (2008). “An evolution in using light; representing architecture”, Translated by Arlen Estepanian and Fatemeh Hel Foroush, Tehran, Daneshparvar Publications. .(In Persian)


10. Gardner, Helen, (1995). “Art in the course of time”, by the reconsiderations of horest de lecrae and Richard J. Tennessee, translated by Mohammad Taghi faramarzi, Tehran, Negah and Agah publication, Tehran, 3rd edition. .(In Persian)


11. Grother, Yorg (1996). “Aesthetics in Architecture”, translated by Jahanshah, Pakzad, Abdolreza Homayoun, Tehran, Shahid Beheshti university. .(In Persian)


12. Habib Pour, Getabi, Karam and Safari Shali, Reza, (2010). “Manual of the general application of SPSS on the survey researches”, Tehran, Loye, Motefakkeran. .(In Persian)


13. Habib, Farah & Alborzi, Fariba & Etessam, Iraj, 2013. “Light Processing in Iranian Houses; Manifestation of Meanings and Concepts”. International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development.Vol. 3, No. 3.


14. Hafez nia, Mohammadreza, (2002), “An introduction to the research methodology in humanities”, Tehran, institute for the research and authoring books in the field of humanities (SAMT), 18th edition. .(In Persian)


15. Heidary, Shahin, (2010). “Architecture and Light”, Tehran, publications of Tehran university. .(In Persian)


16. Kateb, Fatemeh, (2011). “Light in the interior design: how to design the light in our living space?”, Tehran, Rah-e Novin publications. .(In Persian)


17. Mahmoudi Alami, Ali, (2009). “Trend of Iranian and world art and architecture through the course of history”, Chalous: Elmi- karbordi center for culture and art, unit 2, Mazandaran. .(In Persian)


18. Morteza Zadeh, Dargah, Syed Hasan, )2005). “Engineering the phones, and light in the architecture”, Tehran, Hazhir publications. .(In Persian)


19. Najm Abadi, Mohammad Hosein (2002), “Sheikh Lotf ollah and its specifications”, Tehran, Farzan-e Rouz Research and publication center. .(In Persian)


20. Nasr, Seyyed Hassan, (1978). “Art and Islamic Spirituality”, translated by Rahim Ghassemian, Tehran, center of religious studies on art. .(In Persian)


21. Neufert, Ernst and Neufert Peter., M., (2009). “Neufert Architects’ Data”. Edit: Bousmaha Baiche and Nicholas Walliman, translated by: Mohammad Ahmadi Nejad, Isfahan: Khaak publications, third edition. .(In Persian)


22. Norberg, Schulz, Christian, (2004), “Choices of architecture: meaning and place” Translation: Vida Borazjani, tehran, Jaan-e Jahan publication. .(In Persian)


23. Oppenheim, Abraham Naftali (1992), “Questionnaire design, interviewing, and attitude measurement”, translated by Marzieh KarimNia, Astan-e Ghods-e razavi publications, Mashhad, Iran. .(In Persian)


24. Owens, Benjamin (2000), “Daylight in Architecture”. Translated by Shahram PourDeyhimi, Hoori Adl Tabatabai, Nakhostin Publications, Tehran. .(In Persian)


25. Pallasmaa, Juhani (2012) “The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses”, Introduction: Steven Hall, Translation: Ramin Ghods, Tehran: Parham Naghs and Ganj-e honar publication. .(In Persian)


26. Partowi, Parvin (2003), “Phenomenology of the space”, Tehran, Farhangestan-e Honar; Institute for authoring, translating and publications the textual works of the art, second edition. .(In Persian)


27. Pope, Arthur Upham (2004), “Architecture of Iran”, Translated by “ Gholamhossein Sadri Afshar, Tehran, Farhangian publication. .(In Persian)


28. Sarmad, Zohreh and Bazargan, Abbas and Hejazi, Elahe (2012), “Research methods in the behavioral sciences”. Tehran: Agah Publications, 25th edition. .(In Persian)


29. Seyed Sadr, Seyed Abolghasem, (2005). “Architecture, Light and Human”, Tehran, Asaar-e andisheh publication. .(In Persian)


30. Sohrevardi, Shahab ud-din, (2010). “The writing collections of Sheikh of Eshragh”, Tehran: Publications of the human science academy. .(In Persian)


31. Ziaeian, Pejman, (2012). “Shiraz, the vivid dream of the land of Pars”. Text; Hamid Sedaghat kish, English translation; Ali Sherbaf Shoar, tehran, Gooya House of culture and art. .(In Persian)