Impact Assessment of Pedestrian Project in Tehran, with focus on the Right to the City Discourse, a Content Analysis Study
محورهای موضوعی :
Space Ontology International Journal
Mohammad Amerian
1
1 - Department of Urban Planning, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/06/22
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/02/29
تاریخ انتشار : 1399/12/11
کلید واژه:
Impact assessment,
pedestrian,
The right to the city,
15 Khordaad Street,
City of Tehran,
چکیده مقاله :
By a vast review of the right to the city literature, this paper tries to understand how the right to the city is perceived by citizens of Tehran. To address this question, 15 Khordaad Pedestrian Street is chosen as our case study. This street is located in the center of Tehran and is a historic, multivalued, and multifunctional street in Tehran, attracting thousands of citizens every day which makes this space, a festival of different gender, and social, economic, and religious groups of people and consequently increases inclusiveness of our findings. The main data presented in this paper are derived from semi-structured interviews with 32 participants according to the data saturation level collected as part of a community-based research project. The qualitative data were generated in 2018, seven years after the implementation of the pedestrian project in 15 Khordaad Street in Tehran. Four general questions were asked in all interviews however we were open to any new idea by applicants. Our findings show that democracy, diversity, and equity are the main pillars of the cries and demands of citizens in our case. Moreover, a paradigm shift from urban management to good governance along with employing a more democratic and collaborative urban design approach coupled with a shift from passive dwellers to active citizens are required to increase right to the city in future similar projects.
منابع و مأخذ:
Alikaei, S., Nouri, S., Alipour Kouhi, P. (2020). Explaining the Theory-Practice Gap In Iranian Urban Design Projects Based on Communicative Theory. Space Ontology International Journal, 9(4), 1-13.
Amerian, Mohammad (2021). Toward a Conceptual model for public space assessment with focus on the right to the city discourse using the fuzzy-Delphi and Demetel methods. Journal of Urban and Regional Analysis (JURA).
Amirahmadi, H., & Kiafar, A. (1993). The Transformation of Tehran from a Garrison Town to a Primate City. Urban development in the Muslim world, 109.
Bashiriyeh, H. (2001). Civil Society and Democratization during Khatami's First Term. Global Dialogue, 3(2/3), 19.
Bezmez, D. (2013). Urban citizenship, the right to the city and politics of disability in Istanbul. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 37(1), 93–114.
Brenner, N., & Elden, S. (2009). Henri Lefebvre on state, space, territory. International Political Sociology, 3, 353–377.
Buckingham, S. (2010). Examining the right to the city from a gender perspective. In A. Sugranyes, & C. Mathivet (Eds.). Cities for all. Proposals and experiences towards the right to the city (pp. 57–62). Santiago: Habitat International Coalition, HIC.
Buckley, M., & Strauss, K. (2016). With, against and beyond Lefebvre: Planetary urbanization and epistemic plurality. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 34(4), 617–636.
Dehkhoda, A. A. (1998). Dehkhoda dictionary. Tehran: Tehran University, 1377.
Dikeç, M. (2001). Justice and the spatial imagination. Environment & Planning A, 33, 1785–1805.
Dikeç, M. (2002). Police, politics, and the right to the city. GeoJournal, 58(2), 91–98.
Dupré, L. (2008). The enlightenment and the intellectual foundations of modern culture. Yale University Press.
Fabula, S., & Timár, J. (2018). Violations of the right to the city for women with disabilities in peripheral rural communities in Hungary. Cities, 76, 52-57.
Fenster, T. (2005). Identity issues and local governance: Women's everyday life in the city. Social Identities, 11(1), 21–36.
Fenster, T. (2005). The right to the gendered city: Different formations of belonging in everyday life. Journal of Gender Studies, 14(3), 217–231.
Fenster, T. (2010). The right to the city and gendered everyday life. In A. Sugranyes, & C. Mathivet (Eds.). Cities for all. Proposals and experiences towards the right to the city (pp. 63–76). Santiago: Habitat International Coalition, HIC.
Fainstein, S. (2009) ‘Planning and the just city’, in P. Marcuse, J. Connolly, J. Novy, I. Olivo, C. Potter and J. Steil (eds) Searching for the Just City. Oxford: Routledge, pp. 19–39
Fainstein, S. S. (2005). Cities and diversity: should we want it? Can we plan for it?. Urban affairs review, 41(1), 3-19.
Filmer, R. (1991). Filmer:'Patriarcha'and Other Writings. Cambridge University Press.
France, R. T. (2007). The gospel of Matthew. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
Ghahremani, M. (2018). Investigating the Relationship Between Density and Social sustainability in Informal Settlements, Case Study: Khezr District of Hamadan. Space Ontology International Journal, 7(2), 47-54.
Harold, G. (2013). Reconsidering sound and the city: Asserting the right to the deaf-friendly city. Environment and Planning D, 31(5), 846–862.
Harvey, D. (2003). The right to the city. International journal of urban and regional research, 27(4), 939-941.
Harvey, D. (2008). The right to the city.
Harvey, D. (2009) http://www.counterpunch.org/ weisbrot03062009.html
Lefebvre, H. (1991) ‘Les illusions de la modernite’, in I. Ramoney, J. Decornoy, and Ch. Brie (eds) La ville partout et partout en crise, Manière de voir, 13. Paris: Le Monde diplomatique.
Kesten, J., Raco, M., & Claire, C. (2014). Governing Urban Diversity: Creating Social Cohesion, Social Mobility and Economic Performance in Today's Hyper-diversified Cities.
Kipfer, S., Saberi, P., & Wieditz, T. (2013). Henri Lefebvre. Progress in Human Geography, 37, 115–134.
Krueger, R. A., & Casey, M. A. (2000). A practical guide for applied research. A practical guide for applied research.
Lefebvre, H. (1996 [1967]) ‘The Right to the City’, in E. Kofman and E. Lebas (eds) Writings on Cities, pp. 63–184. London: Blackwell.
Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. Handbook of qualitative research, 2(163-194), 105.
Locke, J. (2013). Two Treatises of Government. 1689. The anthropology of citizenship: A reader, 43-46.
Madden, D. J. (2012). City becoming world: Nancy, Lefebvre, and the global—urban imagination. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 30, 772–787.
Marcuse, P. (2009). From critical urban theory to the right to the city. City, 13(2-3), 185-197.
Milner, N. (1989). The denigration of rights and the persistence of rights talk: A cultural portrait. Law & Social Inquiry, 14(4), 631-675.
Misgav, C., & Fenster, T. (2018). Day by day-protest by protest: Temporal activism and the feminist Mizrahi right to the city. Cities, 76, 29-35.
Mitchell, D. (2003). The right to the city. New York: Guildford Press.
Mitchell, D. (2003). The right to the city: Social justice and the fight for public space. Guilford press.
Núñez, A. (2010). Homeless people fight for the right to housing, in Mar del Plata, Argentina. In A. Sugranyes, & C. Mathivet (Eds.). Cities for all. Proposals and experiences towards the right to the city (pp. 149–154). Santiago: Habitat International Coalition, HIC
Paine, T. (1791). Rights of man: being an answer to Mr. Burke's attack on the French Revolution, etc. London.
Pierce J., Williams, O. R., & Martin, D. G. (2016). Rights in places: An analytical extension of the right to the city. Geoforum, 70, 79-88.
Purcell, M. (2002). Excavating Lefebvre: The right to the city and its urban politics of the inhabitant. GeoJournal, 58(2-3), 99-108.
Purcell, M. (2014). Possible worlds: Henri Lefebvre and the right to the city. Journal of urban affairs, 36(1), 141-154.
Quicke, S. P., & Green, C. (2017). Precarious residence: Indigenous housing and the right to the city. Geoforum, 85, 167-177.
Routledge, P. (1996). Third space as a critical engagement. Antipode, 284, 399–419.
Secor, A. J. (2003). Citizenship in the city: Identity, community, and rights among women migrants to Istanbul. Urban Geography, 24(2), 147–168.
Shoohanizad, Y., & Haghir, S. (2016). Promoting Social and Cultural Aspects of Contemporary Apartment Residences in Tehran, Iran. Space Ontology International Journal, 5(4), 1-14.
Sorensen, A., & Sagaris, L. (2010). From participation to the right to the city: Democratic place management at the neighborhood scale in comparative perspective. Planning Practice and Research, 25(3), 297–316.
Staeheli, L. A. (2008). Citizenship and the problem of community. Political Geography, 27, 5–21.
Staeheli, L. A., & Mitchell, D. (2008). The people's property: Power, politics and the public. New York: Routledge.
Stemler, S. E. (2015). Content analysis. Emerging trends in the social and behavioral sciences: An Interdisciplinary, Searchable, and Linkable Resource, 1-14.
Tayebi, A. (2013). Planning activism: using social media to claim marginalized citizens’ right to the city. Cities, 32, 88-93.
Vacchelli, E., & Peyrefitte, M. (2018). From a/topia to topia: Towards a gendered right to the city for migrant volunteers in London. Cities, 76, 12-17.
Zuckert, M. P. (2011). Natural rights and the new republicanism. Princeton University Press.