استراتژیهای تولید بدون کارخانه

محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت صنعتی

Jamshid Nazemi ¹ ( Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran )

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/10/20 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/10/20 تاریخ انتشار : 1391/10/01

کلید واژه: ﺑﺮﻭﻥ ﺳﭙﺎﺭﻱ, ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺳﺒﻚ, ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ, ﺷـﺒﻜﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ, ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧـﻪ, ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﭼﺎﺑـﻚ, ﻣـﺪﻝ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ .  ,

چکیده مقاله :

ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻟﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﺪﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ، ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. ﭼـﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﭼﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﻭﻥ ﺳﭙﺎﺭﻱ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ. ﻧﻘـﺶ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺭﻗـﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﺻـﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ . ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺮ ﺣﺴـﺐ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﻫﻢ ﺳﻮﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ . ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻱ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ، ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ ﺭﻗـﺎﺑﺘﻲ، ﻫﻤﻜـﺎﺭﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺎﺑﻚ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﺷـﺮﻛﺖ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﮔـﻲ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ.

منابع و مأخذ:

Berner, Robert.(2003).A Factory Town without a Factory, Industrial economics, Reports on line :http://www.businessweek.com/
2. Coffey, D., Tomlinson, P.R. (2003).Globalization, vertical relations and the J-mode firm. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 26 (1), 117-144.
3. Coffey, Dan and Tomlinson, Philip R. (2004). Multiple Facilities, Strategic Splitting and Vertical Organization, Discussion Paper 24, Universities of Birmingham, Ferrara and Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Reports on line: www.linstitute.org/papers/
4. Drejer, A. and Riis, J.O. (1999). Competencies and competence development. Technovation , 19(10), 631–644
5. Drucker, P. (1962). The Economy’s Dark Continent. Fortune, 65,103-104.
6. Drucker, P .(1990). The Emerging theory of manufacturing. Harvard Business review, 68(3), 94-102
7. Fernández, Isabel. ( 2007). Strategic procurement outsourcing: a paradox in current theory. International Journal of Procurement Management, 1(1/2),166 -179
8. Guerra, A., Macia, A. and Delgado, A. ( 2006). The outsourcing, a reality embedded in the company management. Economía Industrial, 360, 163–172.
9. Gunasekaran, A., Yusuf, Y. Y.(2002). Agile manufacturing: taxonomy of strategic and technological imperatives. International Journal of Production Research, 40(6) 1357-1385.
10. Gunasekaran, A. (1998). Agile manufacturing: enablers and an implementation framework. International Journal of Production Research, 36(5), 1223-1247.
11. Hamilton, Gary G. (2005).Organization and Market Processes in Taiwan’s Capitalist Economy. In Marco Orrù, Nicole Woolsey Biggart, and Gary G. Hamilton, (ED.), The Economic Organization of East Asian Capitalism(pp, 237-296). Sage Publications.(original work published 1998).
12. Katwalo, A.M. (2006).An overview of competence development in SMEs. International Journal of Strategic Change Management, 1(1/2), 89–95.
13. Lardy, Nicholas R. (2003). United States-China Ties: Reassessing the Economic Relationship Testimony before the House Committee on International Relations, U.S. House of Representatives, and Washington D.C. Reports online: http://www.iie.com/ publications/ papers/lardy/1003.htm.
اعتزاتضی اْی ت لَیذ بذ ىٍ کارخا 17
14. Lowson, R.H.(2007). Operational management and operations strategies: an SME perspective. International Journal of Procurement Management, 1(1/2),180–209.
15. Mazharul Islam, A.Z. Abd Hamid and M.A. Karim . (2007). Manufacturing Practices and Performances:A Malaysian Study. International Review of Business Research Papers, 3(2), 147-161.
16. Mikko, Ketokivi, Mikko, Jokinen. (2003). Focused factory in the process industry, working paper, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Helsinki University of Technology. Reports on line: http://tuta.aalto.fi/fi/ tutkimus/ teollisuustalous/ julkaisut/ tyopaperit/Ketokiv_and_Jokinen_2003_WP.pdf
17. Mol, M.J. (2003). Purchasing’s strategic relevance. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 9(1), 43–50.
18. Nel, H., & Makuwaza, GC. (2001). Clustering as a policy strategy for improving manufacturing performance and economic growth in South Africa: a case study of the motor industry in the Eastern Cape. Biennial Conference of the Economic Society of South Africa. Muldersdrift. Reports Online: http://www.ru.ac.za/media/rhodesuniversity/ content/research/ documents/research%20_report1%20_2001.pdf.
19. Orsoni, A. and Bandinelli, R. (2007). Remote scheduling of production activities: tools, paradigms and performance, International Journal of Internet Manufacturing and Services, 1(1),19–31.
20. Panchal, J.H. and Schaefer, D. (2007). Towards achieving agility in web-based virtual enterprises: a decision-centric approach. International Journal of Internet Manufacturing and Services, 1(1), 51–74.
21. Porter, M.E. (2000).Location, competition and economic development: local clusters in a global economy. Economic Development Quarterly, 14(1), 15-34.
22. Power, D. (2006) .Adoption of supply chain management-enabling technologies in SMEs: the view from the top vs. the view from the middle. International Journal of Value Chain Management, 1(1), 64–93.
23. Sanchez, Luis M., Nagi, Rakesh. (2001). A review of agile manufacturing systems. International. Journal of Production Research, 39(16), 3561-3600.
24. Skinner, W. (1974) .The focused factory. Harvard Business Review, 52(3), 113-121.
25. Spring, Martin, Dalrymple, John F. (2000). Product customization and manufacturing strategy. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 20(4), 441-467.
26. Tu, Qiang. (2004). Measuring modularity based manufacturing practices and their impact on mass customization capability, a customer driven perspective. Decision science, 35(2), 147-168.

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Berner, Robert.(2003).A Factory Town without a Factory, Industrial economics, Reports on line :http://www.businessweek.com/
2. Coffey, D., Tomlinson, P.R. (2003).Globalization, vertical relations and the J-mode firm. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 26 (1), 117-144.
3. Coffey, Dan and Tomlinson, Philip R. (2004). Multiple Facilities, Strategic Splitting and Vertical Organization, Discussion Paper 24, Universities of Birmingham, Ferrara and Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Reports on line: www.linstitute.org/papers/
4. Drejer, A. and Riis, J.O. (1999). Competencies and competence development. Technovation , 19(10), 631–644
5. Drucker, P. (1962). The Economy’s Dark Continent. Fortune, 65,103-104.
6. Drucker, P .(1990). The Emerging theory of manufacturing. Harvard Business review, 68(3), 94-102
7. Fernández, Isabel. ( 2007). Strategic procurement outsourcing: a paradox in current theory. International Journal of Procurement Management, 1(1/2),166 -179
8. Guerra, A., Macia, A. and Delgado, A. ( 2006). The outsourcing, a reality embedded in the company management. Economía Industrial, 360, 163–172.
9. Gunasekaran, A., Yusuf, Y. Y.(2002). Agile manufacturing: taxonomy of strategic and technological imperatives. International Journal of Production Research, 40(6) 1357-1385.
10. Gunasekaran, A. (1998). Agile manufacturing: enablers and an implementation framework. International Journal of Production Research, 36(5), 1223-1247.
11. Hamilton, Gary G. (2005).Organization and Market Processes in Taiwan’s Capitalist Economy. In Marco Orrù, Nicole Woolsey Biggart, and Gary G. Hamilton, (ED.), The Economic Organization of East Asian Capitalism(pp, 237-296). Sage Publications.(original work published 1998).
12. Katwalo, A.M. (2006).An overview of competence development in SMEs. International Journal of Strategic Change Management, 1(1/2), 89–95.
13. Lardy, Nicholas R. (2003). United States-China Ties: Reassessing the Economic Relationship Testimony before the House Committee on International Relations, U.S. House of Representatives, and Washington D.C. Reports online: http://www.iie.com/ publications/ papers/lardy/1003.htm.
اعتزاتضی اْی ت لَیذ بذ ىٍ کارخا 17
14. Lowson, R.H.(2007). Operational management and operations strategies: an SME perspective. International Journal of Procurement Management, 1(1/2),180–209.
15. Mazharul Islam, A.Z. Abd Hamid and M.A. Karim . (2007). Manufacturing Practices and Performances:A Malaysian Study. International Review of Business Research Papers, 3(2), 147-161.
16. Mikko, Ketokivi, Mikko, Jokinen. (2003). Focused factory in the process industry, working paper, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Helsinki University of Technology. Reports on line: http://tuta.aalto.fi/fi/ tutkimus/ teollisuustalous/ julkaisut/ tyopaperit/Ketokiv_and_Jokinen_2003_WP.pdf
17. Mol, M.J. (2003). Purchasing’s strategic relevance. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 9(1), 43–50.
18. Nel, H., & Makuwaza, GC. (2001). Clustering as a policy strategy for improving manufacturing performance and economic growth in South Africa: a case study of the motor industry in the Eastern Cape. Biennial Conference of the Economic Society of South Africa. Muldersdrift. Reports Online: http://www.ru.ac.za/media/rhodesuniversity/ content/research/ documents/research%20_report1%20_2001.pdf.
19. Orsoni, A. and Bandinelli, R. (2007). Remote scheduling of production activities: tools, paradigms and performance, International Journal of Internet Manufacturing and Services, 1(1),19–31.
20. Panchal, J.H. and Schaefer, D. (2007). Towards achieving agility in web-based virtual enterprises: a decision-centric approach. International Journal of Internet Manufacturing and Services, 1(1), 51–74.
21. Porter, M.E. (2000).Location, competition and economic development: local clusters in a global economy. Economic Development Quarterly, 14(1), 15-34.
22. Power, D. (2006) .Adoption of supply chain management-enabling technologies in SMEs: the view from the top vs. the view from the middle. International Journal of Value Chain Management, 1(1), 64–93.
23. Sanchez, Luis M., Nagi, Rakesh. (2001). A review of agile manufacturing systems. International. Journal of Production Research, 39(16), 3561-3600.
24. Skinner, W. (1974) .The focused factory. Harvard Business Review, 52(3), 113-121.
25. Spring, Martin, Dalrymple, John F. (2000). Product customization and manufacturing strategy. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 20(4), 441-467.
26. Tu, Qiang. (2004). Measuring modularity based manufacturing practices and their impact on mass customization capability, a customer driven perspective. Decision science, 35(2), 147-168.