توسعه شهری دانش‌بنیان (KBUD): رویکرد نوین در برنامه‌ریزی شهری (نمونه موردی: کلان‌شهر تهران)
محورهای موضوعی : برنامه ریزی شهری
رباب حسین زاده
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اسماعیل صفرعلی زاده
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1 - گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری دانشگاه پیام نور
کلید واژه: شهر دانش‌بنیان, دانش, شهر تهران, توسعه شهری دانش‌بنیان,
چکیده مقاله :
با رشدوگسترش شهرها و افزایش جمعیت، تأمین رفاه و آسایش شهرنشینان به مهم‌ترین دغدغه مدیریت شهری تبدیل شده است. با توجه به محدودیت منابع در شهرها، امروزه توسعه شهری مبتنی بر دانش، می‌تواند کمک مؤثری برای دستیابی شهرها به اقتصاد پایدار باشد به‌بیان‌دیگر، توسعۀ شهر دانش‌بنیان، ضمن توسعه و رونق اقتصادی، پایداری محیطی و مدیریت منابع، موجب ارتقا کیفیت زندگی شهروندان گردد. هدف این مقاله ارزیابی و شناسایی عوامل مؤثر در تحقق پذیری توسعه شهری دانش‌بنیان در کلان‌شهر تهران می باشد. این تحقیق از نظر هدف گذاری کاربردی و از نظر روش توصیفی-تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری تحقیق، 155 نفر از خبرگان، متخصصین دانشگاه و سازمان‌های دولتی و غیردولتی به‌صورت نمونه گیری قضاوتی یا هدفمند می‌باشد. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات به‌دست‌آمده از روش تحلیل عاملی و از آزمون فریدمن در نرم‌افزار SPSS استفاده شده است. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می دهد که تعداد 16 عامل از 69 شاخص استخراج شدند که همگی دارای مقادیر ویژه بالای یک بوده و جمعاً 54/82 درصد از واریانس را تبیین می کند. مقدار ویژه اولین عامل با 870/13 می‌باشد که به‌تنهایی 102/20 درصد از واریانس را در بر گرفته بود و بیشترین تأثیر را در بین عامل‌های دیگر دارد. یافته‌های تحقیق حاکی از آن است که مؤلفه‌های وجود بنیان‌های اقتصاد کلان و زیرساخت‌های ارتباطی (ICT) و IT مشترک با میزان (95/0)، داشتن نیروی انسانی کارآفرین (93/0)، ارتباط موفق بین صنعت، دانشگاه و حکومت (92/0)، تعدد دانشگاه‌ها و پژوهشگاه ها (91/0) به‌عنوان عوامل محرک در توسعه شهری دانش‌بنیان در کلان‌شهر تهران شناسایی شدند. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد تحقق پذیری مدل توسعه شهری دانش‌بنیان در کلان شهر تهران بیشتر در گرو تحقق توسعه اقتصادی، توسعه اجتماعی – فرهنگی، توسعه محیط شهری و توسعه نهادی است.
With the growth of cities and the increase in population, providing the well-being and comfort of city dwellers has become the most important concern of urban management. Due to the limited resources in cities, today, knowledge-based urban development can be an effective help for cities to achieve a sustainable economy. In other words, the development of a knowledge-based city, along with economic development, environmental sustainability and resource management, will improve the quality of life of citizens. The purpose of this article is to evaluate and identify the effective factors in the feasibility of knowledge-based urban development in Tehran metropolis. This research is practical in terms of targeting and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of the research is 155 experts, university specialists and governmental and non-governmental organizations in the form of judgmental or purposeful sampling. Factor analysis method and Friedman's test used in SPSS software to analyze the obtained data. The results of this study show that 16 factors extracted from 69 indicators, all of which have eigenvalues above one and explain 82.54% of the variance. The eigenvalue of the first factor is 13.870, which alone covered 20.102% of the variance and has the most influence among other factors. Findings of the research indicate that, the components of the existence of macroeconomic foundations and communication infrastructure (ICT) and IT together with the rate of (0.95), having an entrepreneurial workforce (0.93), successful communication between industry, university and government (0.92), the number of universities and research institutes (0.91) identified as driving factors in knowledge-based urban development in Tehran metropolis. The results show that the realization of the knowledge-based urban development model in the metropolis of Tehran is mostly dependent on the realization of economic development, social-cultural development, urban environment development and institutional development. Extended Abstract Introduction: Nowadays, cities have written their strategic and urban development plans for the transition to a knowledge-based city.Our country, in line with global developments, has chosen a vision in the twenty-year horizon of the country so that it can become a developed country with the first economic, scientific and technological position in the region in the next twenty years. Therefore, it is necessary to turn the knowledge-based development approach into a knowledge-based society, and since the development perspective document is a map of desirable futures in a world full of evolution and transformation, it is very important to use appropriate tools for policymaking. It seems that in today's metropolises of the country, the key word to unlock the management difficulties is the vocabulary of knowledge and research. Now, in parallel with the benefits of knowledge-based urban development, it is necessary for the country's metropolises to understand its need and necessity in the process of globalization more than in the past. Tehran with having more than 50% of knowledge-based companies is the largest domestic production and consumption market on a national scale, it does not have a place in the network of economic cities of the world, and the country's share of the knowledge-based economy is only 0.84 of the gross national product. Considering the potential of Tehran city, to stay In the course of sustainable development and increasing its competitiveness at the national and international level, a different attitude is necessary from the current attitude. In line with this necessity, this article examines the factors affecting the feasibility of knowledge-based urban development in Tehran metropolis by summarizing the variables in a limited number of factors with the least loss of information. The aim of the current research is to identify and prioritize the influential factors in the knowledge-based urban development of Tehran. Therefore, the assumptions of the research are as follows: economic factors and the existence of knowledge-based infrastructure can have the greatest impact on the realization of Tehran's knowledge-based city, and cultural factors have the least impact among them. Methodology: The present research is of a descriptive-analytical type and based on the applied purpose, and in terms of the nature of the data, it is quantitative, using a documentary method and a survey method. The selection criteria of experts and specialists in this research are theoretical mastery, practical experience, ability and desire in research. The important point in determining the number of experts is to ensure the comprehensiveness of various perspectives in the research. Based on this, the statistical population of the statistical community is 262 experts, university specialists, government, and non-government organizations, and the sample size estimated to be 155 people based on Cochran's formula. To check the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, in the current research, content (face) validity and confirmatory factor analysis used to measure the accuracy in compiling knowledge-based urban development indicators, and Cronbach's alpha used for the reliability of the questionnaire. The results of Cronbach's alpha test showed that it has a favorable Cronbach's alpha value (0.92) and this shows that the data obtained from the questionnaire has a high reliability and confidence coefficient. SPSS software used to analyze the data at the level of descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation indicators, as well as to check the R-type factor analysis and check the rank of each factor using the Friedman test. Results and discussion: This study analyzed the factors influencing the realization of the development of knowledge-based cities in Tehran metropolis. The results of the factor analysis model and factor rotation using the varimax method showed that 16 factors extracted from 67 indicators, all of which have eigenvalues above one and explain 82.54% of the variance. The first factor has has a special value of 13.870, which alone includes 20.102% of the variance. In addition, it has the most impact among other factors. The second factor explains and calculates 12.094% of the variance with a specific value of 8.345% and the third factor with a specific value of 7.517% explains and calculates 7.995% of the variance. Further, the results of the Friedman test showed that the importance of factors from the point of view of elites and experts is significant by Friedman's test. The chi square value obtained is equal to 194.29, which means that the ranking of factors is meaningful from the point of view of experts and elites, and the factors are a different ranking of variables. They have economic development, socio-cultural development, urban development and institutional development. According to the obtained results, the components of the existence of macroeconomic foundations and communication infrastructure (ICT) and IT together with the rate of (0.95), having an entrepreneurial workforce (0.93), successful communication between industry, university and government (0.92), the number of universities and research institutes (0.91) identified as driving factors in knowledge-based urban development in Tehran metropolis. The results show that the realization of the knowledge-based urban development model in the metropolis of Tehran is mostly dependent on the realization of economic development, social-cultural development, urban environment development and institutional development. Conclusion: Based on the studies done, it seems that the effort to create and launch knowledge-based cities requires planning at higher levels than the city, so that in addition to the city and surrounding areas, it can pursue innovation at the regional level. This requires a hierarchical system of innovation from the regional level and its connection to the urban level and its surrounding areas. Therefore, with this attitude, in order to move towards the development of a knowledge-based city, which is the most stable form of urban development, in the metropolis of Tehran, there are common bottlenecks that every designer of a knowledge-based city should find these bottlenecks and strategic passages in a combination of political and economic conditions., cultural-social, geographical. In this way, the first common point has been the existence of a collective wisdom and political desire to change the existing situation and take steps towards a full-fledged knowledge-based city. Policy makers and city managers by providing a vision, providing a communication system and respecting cultural diversity and networking with other local, national and international people and institutions, in the formulation of a "strategic planning framework" to guide agents to shape the city of knowledge. The establishment of strong economic and cultural support institutions play an important role. In addition, the government's support in coordination with the government's programs in providing an umbrella to support start-up companies with superior technologies, establishing laws and regulations to remove political obstacles for economic growth and providing special credits for the livability of Tehran metropolis are also unforgettable.
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