ارتباط مؤلفه‌های سرمایه اجتماعی با کیفیت زندگی در زنان سرپرست خانوار شهر دوگنبدان
محورهای موضوعی : سیاستگذاری شهری
یوسف تازش
1
(
کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت دولتی گرایش توسعه منابع انسانی، دانشگاه پیام نور، مرکز ورامین
)
زهره دیماد
2
(
ارشد شهرسازی، واحد یاسوج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یاسوج، ایران
)
کلید واژه: دوگنبدان, کیفیت زندگی, زنان سرپرست خانوار, سرمایه اجتماعی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از این پژوهش تعیین رابطه مولفه های سرمایه اجتماعی با کیفیت زندگی در زنان سرپرست خانوار شهر دوگنبدان می باشد. این مطالعه مقطعی بر روی زنان سرپرست خانوار شهردوگنبدان (200 نفر) در مدت 6 ماه انجام شد. ابزار مطالعه شامل: پرسشنامه های اطلاعات دموگرافیک، کیفیت زندگی سازمان جهانی بهداشت (WHOQOL)- گونه ایرانی و پرسشنامه سرمایه اجتماعی بانک جهانی (SC-IQ) بود. آنالیز نتایج به کمک نرم افزار آماری SPSS با استفاده از آزمون های آمار توصیفی و تحلیلی انجام شد. یافته های این مطالعه نشان داد کیفیت زندگی و سرمایه اجتماعی زنان سرپرست خانوار کاملا به هم وابسته بوده و روی همدیگر اثر مثبت دارند و کیفیت زندگی زنان سرپرست خانوار شهر دوگنبدان در سطح پایین تری از کیفیت زندگی عموم مردم این شهر قرار دارد و از طرفی دیگر سرمایه اجتماعی در این زنان نسبتا پایین است و نیاز به توجه جدی و برنامه ریزی درازمدت مسئولین امر بر اساس رویکردهای پژوهشی مبتنی بر جامعه، در راستای بهبود کیفیت زندگی و تغییرات اساسی در جهت افزایش سرمایه اجتماعی و مشارکت جمعی این قشر آسیب پذیر است.
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social capital and quality of life in female-headed households in Dogonbadan This cross sectional study was done on women headsof Dogonbadan City during six months. (200 Person) Study tools were include: demographic questionnaire, the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) - Iranian species. and questionnaire of World Bank social capital (SC-IQ), respectively. Analysis of results were performed with SPSS software and using Descriptive statisticsand analytical Tests The findings of this study demonstrate that the quality of life and social capital for women-headed households are totally interdependent and they have positive impact on each other. and life quality of female-headed households Dogonbadan was at a lower level of Dogonbadan People's general quality of life. and on the other hand, social capital is relatively low in these women and requires serious attention and long-term planning authorities based on community-based research approaches, in order to improve the quality of life and significant changes in order to increase social capital and This collective participation of vulnerable people.Extended AbstractIntroduction: The concept of quality of life dates back to the time of Aristotle in 385 BC. At that time, Aristotle considered "good life" or "doing good things" to mean happiness. At that time, living happily is considered equivalent to what is called quality of life today. Quality of life reform was not used until the twentieth century. Over time, researchers have realized that quality of life can be one of the most important consequences of health assessments. As the World Health Organization's definition of health emphasizes (Fayers and Machin, 2013.55). Quality of life is a complex and multidimensional concept of population conditions and status, defined in a specific geographical scale (city, village and country) (Harirchi, 2009.98). From the beginning of the 60's, the concept of quality of life became popular in European countries. In some advanced societies, the term has been used in conjunction with and sometimes synonymously with other terms such as public welfare, social welfare, social security, and the like. The category of quality of life is widely related to the concept of welfare, social relations, trust and social participation (Noghani, 2008.112) and can be the basis for strengthening social capital. Social capital is one of the social determinants of health that affects the health of communities (Murayama et al, 2012). Numerous indicators can be used to measure social capital in a society at the macro level. One of these indicators is the level of social support for vulnerable groups in society (children, women, etc.) (Siegler, 2014). Women heads of households are one of the groups. Today, family restructuring due to war, urbanization, divorce, marital addiction, etc. has led to an increase in the number of female-headed households worldwide (Aghajanian and Thompson, 2013). If the statistical data show an increasing trend and the proportion of female-headed households in the last three decades (Aghajanian and Thompson, 2013.22). 37.5% of the world's households are headed by women (2012.29, Moti et al). And in Iran, according to the statistics of the Welfare Organization, during 10 years (75-85), 60 thousand and three hundred people have been added to the population of women heads of households every year. Lack of social capital components and limitation of social relations network in the life of female-headed households due to issues such as divorce, many responsibilities and multiple roles have caused this vulnerable group of society with many problems and obstacles, including turning to crime. And face corruption to meet the needs of life, create deviation and disruption in the upbringing of children, increase the number of troubled families and create mental disorders in family members, the spread of material and cultural poverty in society and ultimately reduce their quality of life (Lewis et al ., 2013.12). Therefore, the need to pay attention to social capital and quality of life in women caregivers seems necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social capital components and quality of life in female-headed households in Dogonbadan.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was performed on female heads of Dogonbadan city (200 people) over a period of 6 months. The response rate was 73.7%. Study tools include 1- Demographic information questionnaires, including variables: age, marital status (married, single, unmarried due to death and divorce), level of literacy (illiterate, elementary, middle and university), employment (employed, unemployed) ), Ethnicity, per capita home area, number of dependents, average household income, home amenities, number of rooms available, length of stay, health insurance coverage, chronic illness and current illness. 2- WHOQOL Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL) - Iranian species, which has 4 domains of physical health, mental health, social relations and environmental health, each of which has 7, 6, 3, 8 questions, respectively. Likert face is, is. 3. World Bank Social Capital Questionnaire (SC-IQ), which is designed for developing countries and examines social capital at the household level. Analysis of results using SPSS software version 21 using descriptive statistics tests such as mean and standard deviation and analytical statistics such as Pearson correlation tests and also to investigate the effects of various factors on the dimensions of quality of life and social capital from multiple linear regression. With the entry of variables in the models, it was used in a combined method.Results and discussion: The majority of female-headed households in this study were middle-aged, unemployed, and had a high school or secondary education level. Research on the employment status of women heads of households also shows that due to lower levels of literacy, they have more limited job opportunities than male-headed households, and on the other hand, government support for these women is very low. According to the results of this study, the average quality of life scores of these women are lower than the general population of Dogonbadan in all four dimensions of physical, mental, social and environmental health. In this study, there was a significant relationship between age and overall quality of life and its dimensions in terms of mental health, environment, social relationship, which means that with age, the quality of life of women heads of households in these areas decreases. In terms of physical health, the only variable of education showed a significant relationship on the quality of life of female-headed households. It seems that in the physical dimension, people with higher secondary education are in a better and more appropriate condition than people with primary or illiterate education. The findings of this study also showed that there is a significant relationship between environmental health and marital status (divorce due to divorce). Researchers believe that marital status is a predictor of quality of life in all aspects and the presence of a spouse as a supporter is effective in reducing stress, adapting to the environment and reducing mortality and disability. In this study, there was a significant relationship between the variable of length of stay in the place with the dimension of physical health and the social relationship between quality of life. In the present study, the current disease had a significant and inverse relationship with the dimensions of physical and mental health and overall quality of life score, and the effect of this variable on the mental health dimension was greater than the other dimensions. In this study, the average score of social capital of women heads of households is 37.5, while the average score of the highest person was 71.7. Therefore, it can be concluded that women's social capital is relatively low. Findings of this study showed that the quality of life and social capital of female-headed households are completely interdependent and have a positive effect on each other. On the other hand, social capital and quality of life of female-headed households in Dogonbadan is relatively low and needs serious attention and planning. In the long run, the authorities, based on community-based research approaches, are vulnerable to improving the quality of life and fundamental changes to increase social capital and collective participation of this group.
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