ارزیابی فضای شهری بر مبنای انطباق فضای فیزیکی، ذهنی و اجتماعی (نمونه موردی: پارک حاشیه ای چمران – کلانشهر شیراز)
محورهای موضوعی : برنامه ریزی شهری
علی اکبر حیدری
1
(
استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران
)
مهدی ترفیعی
2
(
دانشجوی دکتری معماری، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران
)
کلید واژه: هنری لوفور, فضای فیزیکی و فضای ذهنی و فضای اجتماعی, فضای شهری, ارزیابی فضا,
چکیده مقاله :
کیفیت فضای شهری نشانه ای از میزان کیفیت محیط می باشد. با توجه به ماهیت پیچیده ای که فضاهای شهری دارند برای ارزیابی آنها با توجه به رویکرد هر تحقیق می توان از شیوه هایی متناسب استفاده نمود؛ ارزیابی فضای شهری می تواند بر اساس مجمموعه ای از ملاکها و معیارها انجام شود که صاحبنظران مختلف ارائه نموده اند، همچنین می توان ارزیابی فضای شهری را در سطوح و لایه های مختلف انجام داد که در آن انطباق یا عدم انطباق سطوح مختلف ارزیابی ملاک موفق یا ناموفق بودن فضای شهری تلقی گردد، این تحقیق با هدف ارزیابی فضای شهری در سه سطح فضای فیزیکی، ذهنی و اجتماعی و در دو مقیاس کلان و خرد مورد انجام گرفته است و نظریه تولید فضای هنری لوفور به عنوان نظریه مبنا مدنظر قرارگرفته است. سایت چمران شیراز با توجه به وسعت، قابلیت های گسترده و چندعملکردی بودن آن به روش مطالعه موردی به عنوان بستر ارزیابی این تحقیق انتخاب گردیده است. نوع تحقیق ترکیبی و روش تحقیق اکتشافی و با استراتژی استقرایی با استفاده از تاکتیک های مشاهده مستقیم و بررسی ساختار سایت و تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات و ارائه پرسشنامه به متخصصان و غیر متخصصان است. از جمله نتایج این تحقیق اینکه چند عملکردی بودن فضا و گستردگی قابلیتها در سطوح مختلف ارزیابی فیزیکی، ذهنی و اجتماعی می تواند نشان از غنی بودن فضا باشد به گونه ای که فضا با توجه به اقتضائات زمانی و شرایط اجتماعی واکنش های متناسب را نشان داده و حتی با وجود تعارضات و تناقضات احتمالی بتواند کارکرد قابل قبولی را در مجموع از خود نشان دهد و در گذر زمان کارکردها و نقش های جدیدی نیز متناسب با تغییرات اجتماعی بپذیرد و این قابلیتی است که هر فضای شهری آنرا در خود ندارد و می توان با استخراج خصوصیاتی از یک فضای شهری که آنرا دارای توانمندی انطباق با شرایط مختلف می نماید در طراحی های آتی از این موضوع بهره گرفت.
The quality of urban space is a sign of the quality of the environment. Due to the complex nature of urban spaces, appropriate methods can be used to evaluate them according to the approach of each research; Urban space evaluation can be done based on a set of criteria and criteria that have been presented by different experts, it is also possible to evaluate urban space at different levels and layers in which the compliance or non-compliance of different levels of successful criterion evaluation or Considering the failure of urban space, this research has been done with the aim of evaluating urban space in three levels of physical, mental and social space and in two macro and micro scales and Lefebvre theory of artistic space production has been considered as the basic theory. Chamran Shiraz site has been selected as a evaluation platform for this study due to its size, extensive capabilities and multifunctionality. The type of combined research and research method is exploratory and inductive strategy using direct observation tactics and reviewing the structure of the site and analyzing the information and presenting a questionnaire to experts and non-experts.NAmong the results of this study is that the multifunctionality of space and the extent of capabilities at different levels of physical, mental and social evaluation can indicate the richness of space so that the space according to the time and social conditions have shown appropriate reactions and Even in the face of possible conflicts and contradictions, it can show an acceptable function in general and accept new functions and roles in proportion to social changes over time, and this is a capability that not every urban space has in itself and can be extracted. Features of an urban space that makes it capable of adapting to different conditions were used in future designs.Extended AbstractIntroduction: ban space is a sign of the quality of the environment. Due to the complex nature of urban spaces, appropriate methods can be used to evaluate them according to the approach of each research; Urban space evaluation can be done based on a set of criteria and criteria that have been presented by different experts, it is also possible to evaluate urban space at different levels and layers in which the compliance or non-compliance of different levels of successful criterion evaluation or Considering the failure of urban space, this research has been done with the aim of evaluating urban space in three levels of physical, mental and social space and in two macro and micro scales and Lefebvre theory of artistic space production has been considered as the basic theory.Methodology: This research is of exploratory type and based on inductive strategy and with a qualitative method seeks to study and evaluate urban space at different levels and the conformity or non-conformity of these different levels; The research method is using direct observation tactics and examining the structure of the site and analyzing the information and presenting a questionnaire to users as well as specialists. To conduct the research, after extracting the research components, one hundred questionnaires were prepared and distributed by open method. The statistical population was randomly selected from two groups of experts and ordinary people.The questionnaire questions were designed in such a way that they could receive all the points of view of the audience in both open and closed sections. The open-ended questions, which were mostly accompanied by descriptive answers or, if necessary, interviews, were designed to elicit the audience's mentality without brainstorming. These questions were mainly intended for general evaluation. In the closed questions section, through the five Liked spectrum, questions were asked so that the details of the site and partial evaluation in the three levels of physical, mental and social space that is the basis of this research, could be asked. Finally, it was considered that the purpose of this work was to measure the overall evaluation of the site by both open and closed question methods and the conformity or non-conformity of these two types of questions in order to measure the accuracy of the test. The questionnaire used in this research is a researcher whose validity of the questions was checked and confirmed in consultation with experts. Also, the reliability of the closed questions was measured through Cronbach's alpha in SPSS software and the number 0.796 was obtained. Shows the top.Results and discussion: The general mental space (mental schema) of the respondents towards this site is mainly around two axes and fluctuates. Physically and visually, it is due to the speed of cars and the presence of elements such as hospitals on the site, but in general, a positive mental atmosphere has been reported towards the site, which can result in a high desire to be present. Confirms the presence and widespread use of citizens from different walks of life and age from this environment for leisure, proximity to the old gardens of the city, good weather, good view of the mountain and the passage of the dry river of Shiraz along this The site, as well as proper access to it, is very effective in creating this positive mental space, and this has created a general conclusion in the minds of a large part of the audience that when they hear the name of this site, they will remember the above-mentioned keywords and This has led to a general assessment of the relative Have a successful and acceptable it and have a positive and fun feeling about the site in the minds of a large part of the audience.Despite the existence of recreational and leisure mentality towards the site, in the physical layer of the main function of the site by the respondents, first the communication function and then the recreational function was mentioned. Shiraz and the irreplaceability of this role in the structure of Shiraz city paid attention, so the physical space is some distance from the mental space governing the site and there is no full compliance in this area.Conclusion: According to the research findings, the adaptation of general and partial evaluation in three layers of objective, subjective and social can be a significant way in evaluating the environment and its quality and effectiveness. In this research, Chamran Shiraz site was evaluated according to the above method. Due to the functional diversity and breadth of the site structure, as well as the large number of visits that occur in order to perform a wide range of activities, conflicts and contradictions can be seen in this site, which can be positive and successful over time. Will affect and the results of the questionnaires will prove the same. What is certain is that in marginal parks (similar to Chamran Shiraz site) due to the elongation and linearity and also the small width of the site compared to its length, both in the riding and pedestrian sections, as well as in the location of the building with various functions available on the site. , Although the dominance of the riding axis on the pedestrian axis, although it increases the traffic on the site and its prosperity, but if not properly controlled and planned, it can affect the recreational function of the site, which can be prevented. Consider measures such as creating a sloping axis between the communication axis (riding) and the recreational axis (pedestrian) that can adjust the speed and acceleration caused by the movement of cars. It is also possible to prevent the transmission of severe noise pollution in the recreational axis of the site by creating a layer of trees or other noise barriers..
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