جداسازی و شناسایی قارچ‌های بیمارگر موز دراستان سیستان و بلوچستان
محورهای موضوعی : گیاه پزشکی
مجید امانی
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کلید واژه: سیستان و بلوچستان, قارچ های بیماریزا, موز, Fungal Pathogens, Banana, Sistan & Bluchestan,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور شناسایی قارچ های بیمارگر ریشه، طوقه، ساقه کاذب، برگ و میوة موز در سال های 86-1384 از موزکاری های مناطق مختلف چابهار و کنارک در استان سیستان و بلوچستان نمونه برداری انجام گرفت. پس از مشاهده علائم ظاهری بیماری، نسبت به کشت، جداسازی و شناسایی آنها اقدام گردید. برای جداسازی عوامل بیماری زای قارچی تعدادی از قطعات آلوده برگ، ریزوم، ساقه کاذب، طوقه، ریشه و میوه پس از شستشو و ضدعفونی سطحی با هیپوکلریت سدیم 5% روی محیط کشت سیب‌‌زمینی ـ دکستروز ـ آگار (PDA) حاوی اسید لاکتیک کشت داده شد. جدایه های به دست آمده به روش نوک ریسه (Hyphal tip) و تک اسپور (Single spore) کردن بر روی محیط کشت آب- آگار (WA) 2% خالص شدند. بر اساس خصوصیات ریخت شناسی و آزمون بیماری زایی جدایه های Fuasarium moniliforme, Fuasarium verticillioides, Acremonium sp., Fuasarium subglutinans, Fuasarium sambucinum, Fuasarium semitectum, Aspergillus carnenus, Colletotrichum musae, و Musicillium theobromae به عنوان عوامل بیماری زای میوة موز، قارچ هایCylidrocarpon sp. و Rhizoctonia solani عوامل بیماری زای پوسیدگی ریزوم و ریشه موز و قارچ های Alternaria alternata Drechslera gigantean, و Fuasarium proliferatum به عنوان عوامل بیماری زای برگ در سطح استان شناسایی و معرفی شدند.
In this study, identification of fungal pathogens of banana trees (Musaacuminate L.) in Sistan & Bluchestan province during 2005-2007 was studied. After observed of disease symptoms, infected tissues were collected and cultured. For isolation of fungi from diseased samples, small pieces of leaf, corm, pseudostem and fruit were surface sterilized with 5% hypochlorite sodium and then were cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium contaning lactic acid. The growing colonies of fungi were purified by single spore and hyphal tip methods. Based on the morphological characters and pathogenicity test the fungi were identified as Colletotrichum musae,Aspergillus carnenus, Acremonium sp., Fuasarium verticillioides, F. semitectum, F. subglutinans, F. sambucinum and Musicillium theobromae causing fruit disease while F. oxysporum, Cylidrocarpon sp. and Rhisoctonia solani causing corm and root disease whereas, Alternaria alternate, Drechslera gigantean and Fusarium proliferatum causing leaf disease. This is the first report of occurrence of these fungi in banana trees in Sistan & Bluchestan province.
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