نوسانات فصلی جمعیت سفیده کوچک کلم Pieris rapae (Lep.: Pieridae) در مزارع کلم گل جنوب تهران

محورهای موضوعی : گیاه پزشکی

غلامحسین حسن شاهی ¹ , زهرا دوستی ² , فاطمه جهان ³ , علیرضا عسکریان زاده ⁴ , جابر کریمی ⁵ , حبیب عباسی پور ⁶

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تاریخ دریافت : 1390/02/21 تاریخ پذیرش : 1390/12/21 تاریخ انتشار : 1391/01/01

کلید واژه: تهران, Tehran, نوسانات جمعیت, population fluctuations, سفیده کوچک کلم, کلم گل, Pierisrapae, Cauliflower,

چکیده مقاله :

سفیده کوچک کلم (Linnaeus, 1758)(Lep.: Pieridae) Pieris rapae یکی از آفات مهم خانواده کروسیفر یا چلیپائیان (Brassicaceae) در منطقه شهریار، کهریزک و شهر ری بوده و در این مناطق هر ساله آثار خسارت این آفت روی برگ های گیاهان این خانواده دیده می شود. به منظور بررسی نوسانات فصلی جمعیت سفیده کلم، پنج منطقه از مناطق کلم گل کاری جنوب تهران قطعه ای به مساحت یک هکتار برای نمونه برداری انتخاب شد و نمونه برداری هر 10 روز یکبار نمونه برداری انجام گرفت. بوته به عنوان واحد نمونه برداری در نظر گرفته شد و از هر مزرعه 20 بوته انتخاب شد و تمام مراحل مختلف رشدی آفت روی بوته شمارش شد. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که مزرعه دانشگاه شاهد بیشترین تراکم تخم (60/5±91/18) و مزرعه پلائین کمترین تراکم تخم (04/4±53/16) را در طول فصل در بین مناطق مختلف داشتند. در مزرعه دانشگاه شاهد بیشترین تراکم تخم در طول فصل در سوم آبان ماه و کمترین تراکم تخم در 29 خرداد ماه دیده شد. در مزرعه پلائین بیشترین و کمترین میزان تخم به ترتیب در تاریخ های هفتم مهر و 29 خرداد ماه دیده شد. مزرعه جهان آباد (66/0±99/2) و مزرعه پلائین (10/0±41/0) به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین تراکم لارو را در طول فصل در بین مناطق مختلف داشتند. در مزرعه جهان آباد بیشترین تراکم در طول فصل در سوم آبان هنگام برداشت و کمترین تراکم لارو در بیست و نهم خرداد ماه دیده شد. در مزرعه پلائین بیشترین و کمترین تراکم لارو به ترتیب در سوم آبان و 29 خرداد دیده شد. مزرعه کهریزک بیشترین (16/0±87/0) و مزرعه پلائین (05/0±19/0)، کمترین تراکم شفیره را در طول فصل در بین مناطق مختلف داشتند. در مزرعه کهریزک بیشترین تراکم شفیره در طول فصل در سوم آبان و کمترین تراکم شفیره در 29 خرداد ماه دیده شد. در مزرعه پلائین بیشترین تراکم شفیره در 22 مهر، سوم آبان ماه و کمترین تراکم شفیره در 29 خرداد و 11 تیر دیده شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که جمعیت آفت بر اساس تعداد لارو و شفیره در هر بوته بین مزرعه سم پاشی نشده با سایر مزارع دارای اختلاف معنی داری نیست.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The cabbage white butterfly, Pierisrapae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lep.: Pieridae) is one of the most important pests of Cruciferous or Brassicaceaefamily plants in regions of Shahriar, Kahrizak and Sahr’e Ray and every year its damage can be seen on the leaves of these plants. In order to study the seasonal population fluctuation of P. rapae, One hectare cauliflower field in the middle of a large field was randomly selected in five regions of cauliflower fields in southof Tehran were chosen and sampled every 10 days. Each plant was presumed as a sampling unit and sample size was determined as 20 host plants and all eggs, larvae and pupa on the host plant were recorded. Results of this study showed that Jahanabad and Shahed fields had the highest egg density (18.91±5.60) and the lowest egg density (16.53±4.04) was seen in the Playin field during season. In the Shahed field, highest egg density occurred in June 19 and the lowest egg density was seen on October 25. In the Playin field, the highest and lowest egg density was seen on September 29 and June 19, respectively. In the Jahanabad field the highest (2.99±0.66) and lowest (0.41±0.10) larval density was occurred during the season among different regions. Highest density was observed in the Jahanabad field during the harvest time on October 25 and the lowest larval density was seen on June 19. The highest and lowest larval density was seen in the field of Playin  on 25rd October and 19th June, respectively. Kahrizak (0.87±0.16) and Playin (0.19±0.05) fields had the highest and lowest pupal density in different regions during the season. In the field of Kahrizak, highest pupal density was occurred on 25rd October and in the playin field, the lowest pupal density was seen on 19th June. In the Playin field, highest density of pupae was occurred on 14th October and 25rd October and the lowest density of pupae was observed on 19th June and 2th July, respectively. The results showed that number of larval and pupal stages based on units density, between all experimental regions and Shahed university station had not significant difference.

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