طراحی و شبیه‌سازی مبدل بسیار افزاینده dc/dc برای خودروهای الکتریکی پیل سوختی
محورهای موضوعی : مهندسی برق الکترونیک
ماهر عبدالنبی الوان
1
,
غضنفر شاهقلیان
2
1 - دانشکده مهندسی برق، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خوراسگان، اصفهان، ایران
2 - دانشکده مهندسی برق، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران
کلید واژه: خازن کلمپ, کلیدزنی در جریان صفر, کلیدزنی در ولتاژ صفر, مبدل بسیار افزاینده,
چکیده مقاله :
مبدل‌های بسیار افزاینده در خودروهای برقی کاربرد وسیعی دارند زیرا استفاده از باطری و پیل سوختی باعث می‌شود که برای درایو موتور الکتریکی سطح ولتاژ افزایش یابد. از مشکلات مبدل‌های افزاینده، افزایش حجم و وزن به علت ترانسفورماتورهای افزاینده است. تاکنون روش‌های متنوع مانند خازن سوییچ شونده، سلف تزویج شده و مدارهای ضرب‌کننده برای حذف ترانسفورماتور و کاهش حجم و وزن مدار استفاده شده است. برای کاهش بیشتر حجم و وزن مدار لازم است تا فرکانس کلیدزنی افزایش یابد و که تنها با استفاده از روش کلیدزنی نرم امکان‌پذیر است. استفاده از سوییچ کمکی برای ایجاد شرایط کلیدزنی نرم در اکثر روش‌ها مرسوم است زیرا عدم استفاده از سوییچ کمکی استرس ولتاژ و جریان به مدار تحمیل می‌کند. در این مقاله یک مبدل بسیار افزاینده با مدار کمکی گذار ولتاژ صفر (ZVT) ارائه شده که شرایط کلیدزنی در ولتاژ صفر برای روشن شدن سوییچ و کلیدزنی در ولتاژ صفر برای خاموش شدن سوییچ فراهم می‌کند. استرس ولتاژ مبدل بسیار پایین است و تمام دیودها به‌صورت کلیدزنی در جریان صفر خاموش می‌شوند و لذا مشکل بازیابی معکوس ندارند. همچنین خازن کلمپ علاوه بر جذب انرژی سلف نشتی به افزایش بهره مبدل کمک می‌کند. مبدل ارائه شده در نرم افزار پی-اسپایس شبیه‌سازی شده است. نتایج شبیه‌سازی با استفاده از یک نمونه اولیه آزمایشگاهی، اثربخشی و امکان‌سنجی مبدل مورد مطالعه و مناسب بودن آن برای وسایل نقلیه الکتریکی پیل سوختی را تأیید می‌کند.
Step-Up DC-DC Converters are widely used in electric vehicles, because the use of batteries and fuel cells increases the voltage level to drive the electric motor. One of the problems of step-up converters is the increase in volume and weight due to step-up transformers. So far, various methods, such as switched capacitor, coupled inductor and multiplier circuits, have been used to eliminate the transformer and reduce the volume and weight of the circuit. To further reduce the volume and weight of the circuit, it is necessary to increase the switching frequency, which is possible only by using the soft switching method. Using an auxiliary switch to create soft switching conditions is common in most methods, because not using an auxiliary switch imposes voltage and current stress on the circuit. In this article, a step-up converter with an auxiliary circuit of zero voltage transition (ZVT) is presented, which provides switching conditions at zero voltage to turn on the switch and switching at zero voltage to turn off the switch. The voltage stress of the converter is very low, and all the diodes are switched off at zero current, so they do not have reverse recovery problems. Also, in addition to absorbing the energy of the leakage inductor, the clamp capacitor helps to increase the gain of the converter. The provided converter is simulated in P-Spice software. To check the performance of the converter, a laboratory model with a power of 150 watts has been designed and tested.
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