توزیع مکانی برخی فلزات سنگین در کاربری‌های کشاورزی و مرتع (مطالعه موردی: شهر صنعتی شازند اراک)

محورهای موضوعی : منابع طبیعی و مدیریت زیست محیطی

لیلا زارعی ¹ , سهیلاسادات هاشمی ² , مهدی نجفی قیری ³

1 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران
3 - دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/09/22 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/12/15 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/01/01

کلید واژه: آلاینده, کریجینگ, زمین‌آمار, کادمیم, سرب,

چکیده مقاله :

خاک محیط طبیعی برای رشد گیاهان است و به دلیل اهمیت آن، بررسی توزیع عناصر سنگین جهت پایش آلودگی خاک و حفظ کیفیت محیط‌زیست ضروری است. این مطالعه باهدف بررسی توزیع مکانی برخی فلزات سنگین در خاک‌های سطحی بخشی از شهرستان شازند صورت گرفت. ۷۶ نمونه خاک‌های سطحی از عمق ۳۰-0 سانتی‌متری از منطقه مطالعاتی به‌صورت تصادفی جمع‌آوری شد. پس از آماده‌سازی نمونه‌ها برخی خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیائی خاک‌ها و مقدار کل عناصر سرب، کادمیم، نیکل، روی و مس در آنها تعیین شد. میانگین غلظت سرب، روی، مس، کادمیم و نیکل به ترتیب برابر 20/31، 12/54، 11/23، 05/2 و 36/59 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم محاسبه شد. همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری بین عناصر نیکل با مس (01/0>p، 41/0 r=) و روی (01/0>p، 5/0 r=) مشخص شد. هم‌چنین همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری بین مقدار مس با روی (01/0>p، 4/0r=) مشاهده شد. تغییرنمای همه جهته عناصر مورد مطالعه ترسیم گردید و سپس الگوی مناسب برآن برازش داده شد. نتایج تجزیه‌های زمین‌آماری نشان داد که مدل کروی بهترین مدل برازش داده‌شده برای غلظت عناصر مورد مطالعه است. در نهایت به‌وسیله روش کریجینگ معمولی نقشه پراکنش مکانی عناصر مورد مطالعه ترسیم گردید. همبستگی مکانی قوی (نسبت اثر قطعه‌ای به حد آستانه کمتر از 25/0) برای عنصر سرب بدست آمد. براساس حد استاندارد، سرب و کادمیم بیشترین آلودگی را به ترتیب در کاربری مرتع و کشاورزی در منطقه نشان دادند. توصیه می‌شود جهت افزایش کیفیت خاک و کاهش دادن تخریب آن از آلاینده‌ها، عملیات حفاطتی مناسب بکار برده شود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Soil is a natural environment for plant growth and due to its importance, the study of heavy metal distribution for soil contamination monitoring and environmental quality maintaining is necessary. This investigation was performed to study the spatial variability of some heavy metals in some surface soils of the Shazand City. A total of 76 soil surface samples were randomly collected from a depth of 0-30 cm in the study area. After preparation of the samples, some physico-chemical characteristics and the total amount of, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nikel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were measured. Mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn and Cu were 31.20, 54.12, 23.11, 2.05 and 59.36 mgkg-1, respectively. Significant correlations were found between Ni with Cu (r= 0.41, p<0.01) and Zn (r= 0.5, p<0.01). Also, a significant correlation was obsrved between Cu and Zn (r= 0.4, p<0.01). The spatial variability of these variables was examined by variogram models and ordinary kriging. The results of geostatistical analysis showed that the spherical model was the best model for describing the spatial variability of all studied elements. Strong spatial dependence (the ratio of nugget to sill less than 0.25) was obtained for the lead element. According to the standard limits, Pb and Cd showed the highest pollution in rangeland and agricultural land use in the study area, respectively. It’s recommended to increasing soil quality and reduces it’s degradation from pollutants applied proper environmental proceeding.

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