ارائه الگوی برنامه درسی پرورش خودآگاهی برای دانش آموزان دوره دوم ابتدایی

محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی

نرگس سجادیان جاغرق ¹ , محمد رضا یوسف زاده ² , احمد سلحشوری ³ , فرهاد سراجی ⁴

1 - دانشجو دکتری فلسفه تعلیم و تربیت. گروه علوم تربیتی. دانشکده ادبیات. دانشگاه بوعلی سینا. همدان. ایران
2 - استاد رشته برنامه ریزی درسی گروه علوم تربیتی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان، ایران
3 - دانشیار گروه فلسفه تعلیم و تربیت. دانشکده روان شناسی و علوم تربیتی. دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی. تهران. ایران
4 - استاد رشته برنامه ریزی درسی گروه علوم تربیتی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/02/30 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/06/02 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/06/01

کلید واژه: برنامه درسی. دوره دوم ابتدایی. خودآگاهی,

چکیده مقاله :

هدف این پژوهش ارایه الگوی برنامه درسی پرورش خودآگاهی برای دانش آموزان دوره دوم ابتدایی با رویکرد پژوهش ترکیبی (کیفی ،کمی) بود. در بخش کیفی از روش استنتاجی (پیش رونده) روش تحلیل فرانکنا (گزاره‌ای واقع‌نگروهنجاری) مبانی خودآگاهی استنباط گردید. با استفاده از روش مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته، انواع خودآگاهی و ماهیت و ویژگی‌های عناصر اساسی برنامه درسی (هدف، محتوا، روش تدریس و شیوه‌ی ارزشیابی) استخراج شد. اعتبار داده های کیفی با استفاده از معیارهای تأیید پذیری و اطمینان پذیری تعیین شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های کیفی از روش کدگذاری باز، محوری و گزینشی استفاده گردید. دربخش کمی برای تعیین اعتبارالگواز روش CVR استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد مبانی خودآگاهی شامل ارتباط نفس و بدن، تکامل و تعالی نفس، غیریت( دیگری)، غایت‌نگری، اندیشه‌ورزی و خودآگاهی: فیزیکی، هیجانی، اجتماعی، معنوی، عقلانی بودند. ارتقای شناخت فیزیکی،ارتقای رفتارهای هیجانی، شناخت دیگران، ارتقای شناخت معنوی، ارتقای استدلال به عنوان مهمترین هدف برنامه درسی خوداگاهی، رشد جسمی و جنسی، رشد عواطف و احساسات، ارتباطات اجتماعی، تفکر انتقادی به عنوان محتوی خودآگاهی، روش‌های گفتگو پرسشگری، ایفای نقش، گروههای کوچک، بارش مغزی، حل مسئله به عنوان روش‌های آموزش خودآگاهی و خودارزیابی، همسال‌سنجی، والدسنجی، به عنوان مهم‌ترین روش های ارزشیابی الگوی برنامه درسی خودآگاهی در دوره دوم ابتدایی استنتاج گردید. میزان اعتبار مدل نهایی از دیدگاه متخصصان (فلسفه تعلیم و تربیت،روانشناسی تربیتی و برنامه ریزی درسی) 82/0بود. توجه اثربخش به مبانی، مؤلفه ها، انواع و ماهیت ویژگی‌های عناصر برنامه درسی خودآگاهی در برنامه درسی دوره دوم ابتدایی می‌تواند به بهبود پرورش خودآگاهی دانش آموزان کمک کند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

This research approach was mixed (qualitative, quantitative). In the qualitative part, inferential method (progressive) was  used .By using Franken's method of analysis (normative realist proposition), the basics of self-awareness were deduced. By using the semi-structured interview method, types of self-awareness and the nature and characteristics of the basic elements of the curriculum (purpose, content, teaching method and evaluation method) were extracted. The validity of qualitative data was determined using confirmability and reliability To analyze qualitative data, open, axial and selective coding method was used. In the quantitative section, the CVR method was used to determine the validity of the model. The results showed that the self-awareness basics include the connection between the soul and the body, evolution and exaltation of the soul, otherness, telescoping, thinking and self-awareness: physical, emotional, social, spiritual, intellectual. Curriculum elements including goals: improving physical knowledge, improving emotional behaviors, knowing others, improving spiritual knowledge, feelings, social communication, critical thinking. Method: questioning dialogue, role playing, small groups, brainstorming, problem solving. Evaluation: Self-evaluation, peer evaluation, and parent evaluation were concluded as essential elements of the self-awareness curriculum model in the second year of elementary school. Following these findings, the quality of the four elements was examined and approved by experts. As a result, effective paying attention to the self-awareness foundations, component, types and curriculum elements can help to improve the Second Level Primary School Students Self- awareness. The validity of the final model from the point of view of experts (philosophy of education, educational psychology and curriculum planning) was 0.82. Effective attention to the basics, components, types and nature of the elements of the self-awareness curriculum in the curriculum of the second year of elementary school can help to improve the self-awareness of students.

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