ناسازواری‌ها و چالش‌های برنامه درسی انتقادی هنری ژیرو در مواجهه منطقی با بنیادهای فلسفی تربیت اسلامی
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی
نجمه احمدابادی ارانی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه تعلیم و تربیت دانشگاه پیام نور تهران، تهران، ایران.)
حسن نجفی
2
(دانشجوی دکتری مطالعات برنامه درسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.)
حمید احمدی هدایت
3
(استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران.)
کلید واژه: تطبیق منطقی, بنیادهای فلسفی تربیت اسلامی, برنامه درسی انتقادی, هنری ژیرو,
چکیده مقاله :
پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی ناسازواری‌ها و چالش‌های برنامه درسی انتقادی هنری ژیرو از منظر بنیادهای فلسفی تربیت اسلامی انجام شد. پژوهش از نظر ماهیت داده‌ها، کیفی و از نظر نوع روش تحقیق تحلیلی - اسنادی بود. نمونه پژوهشی در بخش برنامه درسی انتقادی ژیرو، کتب و مقالات منتشرشده ژیرو طی سال‌های 1979 تا 2018 و در بخش مبانی تربیت اسلامی پژوهش‌های اصیل این حوزه بودند که به‌صورت هدفمند انتخاب و برای تحلیل آن‌ها از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی استفاده شد. در این پژوهش مهم‌ترین آراء ژیرو در عناصر اساسی برنامه درسی انتقادی ازجمله اهداف (تربیت شهروند دموکراتیک و رهایی‌بخش، شنیدن و توجه کردن به صداهای دیگر، کنار گذاشتن نخبه‌گرایی و توجه به فرهنگ عمومی، رفع تبعیض نژادی و دفاع از حق مظلومان و گروه‌های مختلف جامعه، ایجاد جامعه دموکراتیک و مساوات خواه و اخلاقی)، محتوا (توجه به شرایط اجتماعی و فرهنگی، نسبیت معرفت و دانش، اتکا بر ارزش‌های اجتماعی، در نظر داشتن متن‌ها، نهادها و ساختارهای اجتماعی)، روش‌های یاددهی - یادگیری (گفت‌وگومحوری) و ارزشیابی (مشاهده، مصاحبه، گزارش‌دهی، پژوهش، خودارزیابی، شرح‌حال‌نویسی) مورد واکاوی قرار گرفت. با وجود نقاط قوت در برنامه درسی انتقادی ژیرو ازجمله تأکید بر عدالت تربیتی و توجه به گروه‌های حاشیه‌ای؛ اما در این دیدگاه ناسازواری‌ها و چالش‌هایی نیز مشاهده می‌شود که در مبانی فلسفی تربیت اسلامی مورد نقد است. ازجمله این نقدها می‌توان به عدم ابتنای اهداف بر مفروضات متافیزیکی، غفلت از ساحت‌های مختلف تربیت در هدف‌گذاری (تأکید زیاد بر اهداف سیاسی)، نسبیت‌گرایی در محتوا، کثرت‌گرایی افراطی در محتوا (عدم توجه به وحدت‌گرایی)، فروکاهش‌گرایی در ابزارهای شناخت، گفت‌وگومحوری محض در روش‌های یاددهی یادگیری، نادیده انگاری اقتدارگرایی معلم در تدریس، دشواری تفسیر نتایج در ارزشیابی اشاره نمود.
This study aims to analytical-documentary method to identify the inadequacies and challenges of the critical curriculum of Henry Giroux from the perspective of the philosophical foundations of Islamic education. The research was qualitative in terms of the nature of the data and in terms of the type of analytical-documentary research method. The research sample in Giro's critical curriculum, books and articles published by Giroux during the years 1979 to 2018 and in the foundations of Islamic education were original researches in this field that were purposefully selected and analyzed by qualitative content analysis method. In this research, Giroux most important ideas in the essential elements of the curriculum, including goals (raising a democratic and Liberating citizen, hearing and paying attention to other voices, abandoning elitism and paying attention to public culture, eliminating racial discrimination and defending the rights of the oppressed, and Different groups of society, creation of a democratic and egalitarian society), content (attention to social and cultural conditions, relativity of knowledge and knowledge, reliance on social values, consideration of contexts, institutions and social structures), teaching-learning methods (discourse-oriented) and Evaluation (observation, interview, reporting, research, self-evaluation, narration) was analyzed. Despite the strengths of Giroux critical curriculum, including the emphasis on educational justice and attention to marginalized groups, in this perspective, there are also inconsistencies and challenges that are criticized in the system of philosophy of Islamic education. One of these criticisms can be the lack of goals based on metaphysical assumptions, the neglect of different areas of education in targeting (high emphasis on political goals), relativism in content, extreme pluralism in content (lack of attention to unity Slowness in the instruments of cognition, pure discourse in teaching methods, ignoring teacher's authoritarianism in teaching, the difficulty of interpreting the results in the evaluation.
* The Holy Quran
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