آسیب‌شناسی روش‌های تدریس در فرایند یاددهی و یادگیری از دیدگاه دبیران و دانش‌آموزان دبیرستان‌های شهر اصفهان
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسیافسانه عبدلی 1 , ابراهیم میرشاه جعفری 2 , محمدجواد لیاقتدار 3 , فاطمه زین الدینی 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد ایران
2 - دانشیار دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی
3 - دانشیار دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی
4 - مربی، واحد نهبندان، دانشگاه پیام نور
کلید واژه: آسیب‌شناسی, روش تدریس, فرایند یاددهی و یادگیری,
چکیده مقاله :
آهدف پژوهش حاضر شناسایی آسیب‌های روش‌های تدریس در مقطع متوسطه شهر اصفهان بود؛ بنابراین از روش پژوهش توصیفی ـ پیمایشی برای شناسایی این آسیب‌ها استفاده گردید. جامعه مورد مطالعه، شامل کلیه دبیران و دانش‌آموزان مقطع متوسطه شهرستان اصفهان که به ترتیب تعداد آنها 8097 و 140250 نفر که با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای و تصادفی طبقه‌ای و با در نظر گرفتن میزان افت آزمودنی، نمونه آماری برای دو گروه به ترتیب 110 و 240 نفر برآورد گردید. سپس با جدا کردن پرسشنامه‌های مخدوش، تعداد 95 نفر دبیر و 206 نفر دانش‌آموز به‌عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب گردید. ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه محقق ساخته شامل 20 سؤال بسته پاسخ در طیف لیکرت و 1 سؤال باز پاسخ بود. ضریب پایایی پرسشنامه مربوط به دبیران و دانش‌آموزان با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ به ترتیب 99/0 و 98/0 به دست آمد، همچنین برای سنجش روایی سؤالات پرسشنامه، از روش وابسته به محتوا استفاده شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها، از شاخص‌های آمار توصیفی و آمار استنباطی استفاده شد. یافته‌های حاصل از پژوهش نشان داد که میزان آسیب‌های روش‌های تدریس از نظر دبیران و دانش‌آموزان بیش از سطح متوسط است. از نظر دبیران بیشترین میانگین موارد آسیب‌زا اهمیت ندادن معلم به مهارت‌های عملی تدریس و پایین بودن سطح علمی و حرفه‌ای معلمان هستند دانش‌آموزان نیز بیشترین میانگین آسیب‌ها را مربوط به انتظارات بیش از حد معلمان از دانش‌آموزان، بی‌توجهی به پاسخ‌های خودانگیخته دانش‌آموزان و عدم توجه به علایق دانش‌آموزان می‌دانند. همچنین دیگر یافته‌ها نشان داد که بین دیدگاه دبیران و دانش‌آموزان در خصوص آسیب‌ها تفاوت معنادار وجود دارد. بین دیدگاه دبیران بر اساس جنسیت و سابقه تحصیلی نیز تفاوت معنادار بود؛ اما بر اساس مدرک تحصیلی تفاوت معناداری مشاهده نشد. همچنین، بین دیدگاه دانش‌آموزان بر اساس رشته تحصیلی و ناحیه تحصیلی تفاوت معنادار بود؛ اما بر اساس جنسیت و پایه تحصیلی تفاوتی مشاهده نشد.
The purpose of this study was identifying pathologies in teaching methods in Isfahan high school. Hence, descriptive- survey method was used. The statistical population of this research included teachers and students of Isfahan high schools, who had been educating in academic year 85-86 whose number were as 8097 teachers and 140250 students. By means of cluster sampling and stratified random sampling as well as evaluating the falling measure of the test; sample size was estimated as two groups of 110 and 240. Then, by eliminating problematic questionnaires, 95 teachers and 206 students were selected as the statistical sample. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire which included 20 closed questions in Likert range and an open question. Reliability coefficients of the teachers' and students' questionnaires were measured as 0/99 and 0/98, using Alpha Corn Bach, respectively. Also to measure the questionnaires' validity, content-dependent method was used. In order to analyze data, descriptive statistics and inferential ones were utilized. The findings showed that measure of pathology teaching methods from the view points of the teachers and the students was more than the average level. From the teachers' view points, the most destructive factors were as "lack of teachers' care to teaching practical skills" and "teachers' professional and scientific low level". Most of damages from the prospective of the students, also, were related to "the teachers' high expectation of students", "disregarding the spontaneous responses of students", and "lack of attention to the interests of the students". Further results also showed that there were significant difference between the teachers' and the students' attitude toward existing issues. Based on their gender and educational background, the teachers expressed different idea, too, but no significant difference was observed based on the teachers' degree. Also, there was a significant difference between students' opinion based on their majors and the area of their education, but no significant differences was found based on their gender and grade.
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