مقایسۀ حساسیت اضطرابی و راهبردهای مقابله با استرس بین بیماران درد غیرقلبی قفسۀ سینه، بیماران قلبی و افراد سالم در شهر شیراز
محورهای موضوعی : تربیتی
نوشاد قاسمی
1
(عضو هیأت دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد فسا، شیراز، ایران)
کلید واژه: حساسیت اضطرابی, درد غیر قلبی قفسۀ سینه, بیماران قلبی, راهبردهای مقابله,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف این پژوهش مقایسۀ حساسیت اضطرابی و راهبردهای مقابله با استرس بین بیماران درد غیرقلبی قفسۀ سینه، بیماران قلبی و افراد سالم است. طرح پژوهش از نوع علّی ـ مقایسه‌ای، جامعۀ آماری همۀ بیماران درد قفسۀ سینه مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز پزشکی شهر شیراز در سال 1392 بودند. آزمودنی‌ها 50 بیمار قلبی عروقی (28زن و 22 مرد)، 50 بیمار درد غیرقلبی قفسۀ سینه (29 زن و 21مرد) و 50 نفر (27 زن و 23 مرد) از افراد سالم در محدودۀ سنی22 تا 81 سال بودند که به شیوۀ نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای پژوهش عبارت بودند از فهرست تجدیدنظر شدۀ حساسیت اضطرابی (تیلور و کاکس، 1998)، پرسشنامۀ مقابله با موقعیت‌های تنش‌زا (پارکر و اندلر، 1990) و فهرست محقق‌ساختۀ اطلاعات جمعیت‌شناختی. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS و بهره‌گیری از آزمون آماری تحلیل واریانس یکطرفه و مجذور کای مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها نشان داد که هم بیماران قلبی و هم بیماران درد غیر قلبی قفسۀ سینه به‌طور معناداری کمتر از افراد سالم از راهبردهای مقابله‌ای حل مسأله (01/0P<) و بیشتر از افراد سالم از راهبردهای مقابله‌ای هیجان‌مدار (01/0P<) و اجتنابی (05/0P<) استفاده کرده‌اند. همچنین در نشانه‌های ششگانه و نمرۀ کل حساسیت اضطرابی گروه بیماران درد غیرقلبی قفسۀ سینه دارای بیشترین حساسیت به همۀ نشانه‌ها و گروه سالم از این نظر دارای کمترین حساسیت بود، و بیماران قلبی بین این دو گروه قرار می‌گرفتند و تفاوت هر دو گروه بیمار با گروه سالم معنادار بود (05/0P<). در نتیجه متغیرهای روان‌شناختی نظیر حساسیت اضطرابی و شیوه‌های مقابله با استرس از توان بالایی در پیش‌بینی فراوانی و شدت درد به‌ویژه در بیماران درد غیرقلبی قفسۀ سینه برخوردار است.
The main propose of this study was to compare the anxiety sensitivity and coping stress strategies between patients with non-cardiac chest pain, cardiac disease and healthy individuals. An ex-post- facto design was used as the research design. The population included all patients with non-cardiac and cardiac chest pain who referred to Shiraz health centers in 2013. Subjects were 50 cardiac patients (28 females and 22 males), 50 patients with non-cardiac chest Pain (29 females and 21 males) and 50 people as normal matched group (27 female and 23 male) within 22 to 81 years old age range who were selected through purposive sampling method. The instruments for data collection consisted of Anxiety Sensitivity Index (Taylor & Cox, 1998), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (Parker & Endler, 1990), and a researcher-made demographic information checklist. Then the data was analyzed with one way analysis of variance and chi square. Results indicated that both cardiac and non- cardiac chest pain patients significantly are lower than normal matched group in using problem solving coping strategies (P<0.01) and higher in using emotional (P<0.01) and avoidance coping strategies (P<0.05). Results also indicated that non-cardiac chest pain patients showed highest sensitivity to all 6 subscales and normal group showed lowest sensitivity. In this regard, patients with cardiac disease could stand between the two groups and both groups of patients were significantly different from the normal healthy group (P<0.05). As a conclusion, psychological variables such as anxiety sensitivity and coping stress strategies can predict pain frequency, severity and treatment seeking especially for patients with Non –cardiac chest pain.
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