تحلیل عوامل محیطی- کالبدی بر رفتارهای انسان در محیط‌های عمومی نمونه موردی امامزاده زید بن علی شهر خرم آباد
محورهای موضوعی : معماریفاطمه شاطری گله دار 1 , مهدی شریفی 2 , مجید مرادی 3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد معماری، گروه معماری، واحد خرم آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خرم آباد، ایران
2 - گروه معماری، واحد خرم آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خرم آباد، ایران
3 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد معماری، گروه معماری، واحد خرم آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خرم آباد، ایران
کلید واژه: عوامل محیطی کالبدی, رفتار , فضای معماری, شهر خرم آباد,
چکیده مقاله :
یکی از مباحث مهم در ارتباط با فضاهای عمومی، مفهوم انسان¬شناختی و به دنبال آن رفتارشناسی در فضاهای شهری است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر محیط و عوامل محیطی بر رفتار افراد در فضای عمومی(مذهبی) شهری پرداخته شود. روش‌شناسی پژوهش، روش تحقیق در این پژوهش، استفاده از روش‌های کمی و کیفی به صورت توأمان می‌باشد.کمی است و داده‌های کمی در این مطالعه با استفاده از روش پرسشنامه گردآوری شدند.آزمون آلفا کرونباخ برای روایی استفاده شد. نمره روایی پرسشنامه برابر با 702/0شد. بر اساس روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی، 50 نفر از زائرین امامزاده زید بن علی شهر خرم آباد که بین20 تا 52 سال سن داشتند؛ برای این مطالعه انتخاب و شرکت کردند. امامزاده زید بن علی امامزاده و نیز نام منطقه‌ای در مرکز شهر خرم‌آباد است. آرامگاه این امامزاده در بازار قدیمی شهر خرم‌آباد واقع شده است و قدمت ساخت بنای کنونی آن به سال ۱۳۰۷ هجری قمری می‌رسد. از آزمون همبستگی پیرسون برای معنادار بودن رابطه متغییر ها استفاده شد. نتیجه آزمون همبستگی برابر با 371/0 شد. که نشان میدهد بین متغییرها رابطه معناداری در حد متوسط وجود دارد. . با توجه به نتایج حاصل از تحلیل داده ها مي توان این گونه بیان نمود كه عوامل کالبدی محیطی بر رفتاری که فرد در فضاهای عمومی از خود نشان میدهد موثر است. دراین پژوهش عوامل محیطی مانند قابلیت دسترسی به فضا ، کیفیت نور در محیط احساس امنیت و سلسه مراتب فضایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته شد. بر اساس نتایج تحلیل داده های پرسشنامه میتوان بیان نمود که افراد برای حضور در فضا به محیط و عوامل محیطی آن بسیار توجه میکنند و این امر در رفتار آنان نیز نمایان میگردد. هرچه یک فضای عمومی و مذهبی با پارامترهای دقیق تری از عوامل کالبدی ساخته شده باشد، رفتار فرد و احساس فرد در آن فضا مناسب تر است.
One of the important issues related to public spaces is the anthropological concept followed by behavior in the urban space. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the environment and environmental factors on the behavior of people in the public (religious) space of tuition payment. The research methodology, the research method in this research is the use of quantitative and qualitative methods in combination. It is small and quantitative data in this study was collected using the questionnaire method. Cronbach's alpha test was used for validity.The validity score of the questionnaire was equal to 0.702. Based on the random sampling method, 50 pilgrims of Imamzadeh Zayd bin Ali in Khorram Abad who were between 20 and 52 years old; They chose and participated in this study.Pearson's correlation test was used to determine the significance of the relationship between the variables. The result of the correlation test was equal to 0.371. which shows that there is a significant relationship between the variables.which shows that there is a significant relationship between the variables. . According to the results of the data analysis, it can be stated that environmental physical factors are effective on the behavior that a person shows in public spaces. In this research, environmental factors such as accessibility to space, quality of light in the environment, sense of security and spatial hierarchy were investigated. Based on the results of the questionnaire data analysis, it can be said that people pay a lot of attention to the environment and its environmental factors to be in the space and this is also reflected in their behavior. The more a public and religious space is built with more precise parameters of physical factors, the more suitable the person's behavior and feelings are in that space.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Environmental psychology, with its interdisciplinary nature, is the only science that specifically attempts to use its findings to analyze the relationship between the environments built by designers and the behavior of the consumers in those environments. Happiness is a key factor in this analysis, as individuals may not experience joy or satisfaction until they obtain what they desire. When exploring the relationship between humans and the environment, it is crucial to understand both the physical elements and tangible features of the environment, as well as the meanings and messages that stem from it. A deeper appreciation of the environment is gained by not only analyzing its physical aspects, but also by considering the meanings and concepts that emerge from it, along with the perceptions of those involved. One of the important topics related to public spaces is the concept of anthropology and behavior in urban spaces. Today, isolationism and the reduction of social interactions are some of the most important problems that threaten the social life of city dwellers. Therefore, people's need for places for social interactions and meeting psychological needs has become a necessity of urban life. The pattern of activities in a biological complex includes the type, location, density, direction, and timing of activities. For example, a city may have a dense pattern of activities in specific directions and at specific times, such as commercial centers or religious centers. Some activities may follow seasonal or periodic cycles, like the city of Mecca, which experiences the highest density of pilgrims visiting the House of God once a year during the Hajj.
Imamzadeh Zayd bin Ali is the name of a region in the center of Khorramabad city. The mausoleum of this Imamzadeh is located in the old market of Khorramabad city, and the construction of its current building dates back to 1307 AH. This tomb was initially built by the order of Badr bin Hasnawieh during the rule of Al Hasnawieh in 404 AH. The tomb of Zayd Bin Ali (AS) is situated in the western part of Khorramabad Jame Mosque and Bahrim. This tomb, covering an area of 6000 square meters, is located in the heart of the city's daily market.
Within the sacred grounds of this revered imamzadeh, there is a tomb adorned with sacred verses and inscriptions in a script. On the eastern side of the tomb, the name of the master carpenter and the date of its construction are engraved.
Methodology
The research method for the upcoming study is of a mixed type. Initially, variables were defined by reviewing and studying library sources. Subsequently, a questionnaire was developed to explore the relationship between these variables through a correlation test. A sample of 50 visitors to the tomb of Imamzad Zayd Bin Ali in Khorramabad was randomly selected, and the questionnaire was administered to them. The questionnaire has a validity and reliability of 0.702. The alpha and Cronbach results of the questionnaire can be seen in the table below. The questionnaire was organized in alignment with the research framework and its intended goals. To rank the factors influencing behavior in public spaces, the Likert scale was utilized.
Results and discussion
Environmental psychology is a group of behavioral sciences. According to Crick, environmental psychology is the psychological study of human behavior in such a way that it is related to his daily life in the physical environment. Environmental psychology examines the relationship between humans and the physical environment, and how they impact each other. This field takes into consideration values, attitudes, and needs, playing a key role in explaining human behavior. This research discusses the impact of physical and environmental factors on human behavior. Human beings are constantly exposed to a mutual and continuous influence known as interaction due to living in the environment. Environmental psychology emphasizes how behavior influences the physical conditions of the environment. In this study, the first research variable that was examined is the effect of the physical environment on people's behavior in public (religious) spaces. A questionnaire was developed for this variable with the assistance of experts in the field of behavioral psychology. The questionnaire consists of 22 questions that address the two main indicators of this research: behavior and physical environment. The results of the questionnaire were ultimately analyzed using Pearson's correlation test in SPSS22 software. The use of Pearson's correlation coefficient is to examine the relationship and the extent of correlation between variables. This coefficient is utilized to analyze the relationship between two continuous variables (interval or ratio) that have a normal distribution. It indicates the degree of shared variability between two variables, or their correlation. Pearson's correlation showed that there is a correlation between environmental factors and people's behavior in public (religious) spaces. The relationship between environmental factors and people's behavior in public (religious) spaces is positive and meaningful. The correlation intensity obtained is moderate.
Conclusion
In any research aimed at investigating the quality of services provided, it is essential not only to understand the current situation but also to plan for future improvements. This issue has been highlighted in the current research, which focuses on behaviorism in public environments and explores the relationship between physical surroundings and people's behavior. The data analysis results indicate that environmental factors significantly impact the behavior exhibited by individuals in public spaces. In this research, we investigated environmental factors such as accessibility to space, quality of light in the environment, sense of security, and spatial hierarchy. Based on the results of the questionnaire data analysis, it can be said that people pay a lot of attention to the environment and its factors when they are in a space, and this is also reflected in their behavior. The more a public or religious space is built with precise physical parameters, the more suitable a person's behavior and feelings are in that space. It can also be said that the physical environment index has a positive correlation with people's behavior in architectural spaces. In conclusion, the research highlights that the structure of an environment and the factors present within it significantly influence human behavior in social settings. Therefore, when designing an environment, it is crucial to carefully consider the psychological impact it may have on individuals.
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