ارزیابی و برنامه ریزی مکانی- فضایی، فضاهای سبز عمومی با استفاده از GIS (منطقه مورد مطالعه: منطقه 10 تهران)
محورهای موضوعی : کالبدینسرین رسولی 1 , مریم ایلانلو 2 , آزاده نکوئی اصفهانی 3
1 - گروه جغرافیا، واحد الکترونیکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه جغرافیا، واحد ماهشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ماهشهر، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: فضای سبز, منطقه ده تهران, ارزیابی, پارک محله‌ای, تحلیل مکانی- فضایی,
چکیده مقاله :
یکی از مشکلات اساسی شهرها، کمبود فضای سبز شهری است که از جنبه‌های مختلف بر زندگی انسان تأثیر سوء می‌گذارد. در مقایسه با استانداردهای شهرسازی، علاوه بر پایین بودن سطح کاربری فضای سبز در شهرهای مختلف ایران، پراکندگی نامناسب آن نیز مشکلاتی را به وجود آورده است که از جمله می‌توان به عدم توزیع عادلانه فضای سبز در شهر و مشکلات دسترسی شهروندان اشاره کرد. هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی توزیع فضایی - مکانی فضای سبز شهری در منطقه ده تهران می‌باشد. رویکرد این پژوهش توصیفی- تحلیلی می‌باشد که، در ابتدا به توصیف وضعیت پارک‌های منطقه 10 تهران از نظر تعداد پرداخته شد و در ادامه وضعیت پارک‌های موجود منطقه 10 تهران بر اساس شاخص‌های شعاع عملکرد، استاندارد سرانه و مساحت کاربری فضای سبز، جمعیت تحت پوشش و دسترسی بررسی گردید، سپس بر اساس میزان اختلاف وضع موجود در هر شاخص با وضع مطلوب، در مورد میزان تناسب تعداد و توزیع فضایی پارک ها در راستای تأمین دسترسی مطلوب داوری شد. در منطقه مورد مطالعه 51 بوستان و بوستانک قرار گرفته است. تعداد پارک‌های محله‌ای منطقه 47 عدد می‌باشد که حدود 258500 نفر را در منطقه تحت پوشش قرار می‌دهند. نتایج نشان می‌دهند که برای برطرف کردن کمبود فضای سبز منطقه به 12 تا 13 پارک محله‌ای ،16 تا 17 پارک ناحیه‌ای در منطقه نیاز داریم. همچنین براساس نتایج به دست آمده تنها کمتر از 30 درصد فضای سبز منطقه در وضعیت مناسب واقع شده‌اند در حالی‌که 43 درصد از پارک‌های سطح منطقه در وضعیت نامناسب قرار گرفته‌اند.
Introduction:Green spaces and parks have been considered not only because of their recreational importance but also because of their important role in maintaining and balancing the urban environment and air pollution control (Hosseinzadeh et al., 2017: 62). Therefore; In most countries, open and green spaces are an integral part of land use planning decisions. In the past, due to the limited size and type of function of the city, as well as the ease of access of residents to natural areas, this use was more important for certain social groups such as the wealthy class in terms of hunting and spending leisure time, building facades, creating landscapes, and the like; But today, its development has become an unavoidable biological and social necessity due to reasons such as population increase, rapid physical growth, development of industrial and production activities, increase in motor vehicles, and of course, the growth of various types of environmental pollution, and the occurrence of mental-psychological diseases. (Mohammadzadeh, 2011: 66).
As the capital of Iran, Tehran metropolis has the largest population in the country. District 10 of Tehran is one of the important and old areas of the city, which has a large population. Due to some factors, the creation and development of urban green space has always faced problems and deficiencies. Some of these factors are related to city regulations and laws and the lack of setting a standard green space per capita, which leads to the presentation of statistics from 7 square meters of green space per capita by some institutions to 50 square meters of green space per capita by others, which causes the effect of individual tastes. It is used in urban planning. Currently, the level and per capita of urban green spaces is very low compared to the international standards and the accepted standard of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, and in fact it includes the levels and per capita calculated for parks and green spaces, while excluding them the levels and per capita This use will be very low (Alavi et al., 2013: 129)
Materials:In this research, based on the descriptive-analytical method, while describing the condition of the parks in the 10th district of Tehran in terms of number and spatial distribution, their condition is also investigated based on the selected indicators. In the following, based on urban planning criteria and standards, the current situation is analyzed and evaluated both in terms of individual indicators and also in terms of the combination of indicators. Based on this, the method of this research is based on the description and analysis of the current state of the parks by collecting data and appropriate descriptive indicators.
The method of data analysis was carried out according to research hypotheses as follows:
1) The first hypothesis: In this hypothesis, judging and testing was done qualitatively-descriptively and based on logical reasoning. In this way, in order to measure and evaluate the appropriateness of the number and spatial distribution of parks to provide optimal access; According to the operational definition, the status of the existing parks in the 10th district of Tehran was investigated based on the indicators of radius of performance, per capita standard and area of green space use, population covered and access, then based on the difference between the existing status in each index and the desired status, about The appropriateness of the number and spatial distribution of parks was judged in order to provide optimal access. To investigate the condition of the parks in terms of the mentioned indicators, the method based on GIS and the functions available in it was used, which includes: accessibility, performance radius, and overlap of information and neighboring uses.
Based on this, the qualitative analysis and judgment is based on the spatial coverage of the existing parks. Thus, if the number and spatial distribution of existing parks is such that all residential areas are located at a suitable distance from them, the research hypothesis will be rejected and otherwise it will be confirmed. That is, when parts of residential areas and the households living in them are located at unfavorable distances from the neighborhood park. This means that adequate spatial coverage is not provided by the existing neighborhood parks (due to the lack of number or their inappropriate spatial distribution).
2) The second hypothesis: in this hypothesis, the method of analysis and test of the hypothesis will be qualitative-descriptive and based on logical reasoning. Thus, after determining the spatial-spatial suitability of the parks in the 10th district of Tehran (according to the method mentioned in the operational definition), more than half of the stations, according to the composite index obtained from the Weighted Overlay function in GIS, are located in very suitable areas. get, the second hypothesis is rejected. But if at least half of the parks have an unfavorable spatial-spatial fit, the research hypothesis will be confirmed.
Findings:Table 1 shows the green space per capita in ten districts of Tehran in ten districts of the region. The information about the area of the parks and the population of each neighborhood was obtained from the 10th district municipality of Tehran. Thus, green space per capita in Briyank neighborhood is equal to 3.09, in Haft Chenar neighborhood 2.6, in Soleimani neighborhood 0.41, in Ji neighborhood 0.26 in one region. In these neighborhoods, Haft Chenar and Briyank neighborhoods have a relatively favorable situation, and Ji and Soleimani neighborhoods have an unfavorable situation. that Briyank neighborhood has a better situation and Jay neighborhood has a worse situation than other neighborhoods of the first district. Per capita green space in Imam Khomeini (RA) and Mortazavi neighborhoods is in a very unfavorable situation and Hashemi neighborhood is in an unfavorable situation. Per capita green space in the neighborhoods of 3 districts It is Rah. Salisbil neighborhood is equal to 0.07, Karun is 0.61, Zanjan is equal to 0.35 square meters. Zanjan and Karun neighborhoods are in an unfavorable situation, and Selesbil neighborhood is in a very unfavorable situation. Among the ten neighborhoods, Briyank neighborhood in District 1 has a better situation and Mortazavi neighborhood in District 2 has a worse situation than other neighborhoods in the region.
Conclusion:In this research, neighborhood parks in region 10 were examined and evaluated. The lack of sufficient understanding of the spatial-spatial distribution of neighborhood parks and the quality of access of the citizens of this city to the mentioned use caused this issue to be considered and chosen by the researcher. Tehran has taken place. In this research, the main focus is on neighborhood parks that have the following characteristics: their area is twice the size of a neighborhood park (that is, one hectare) and it is also possible for a 9-year-old child to reach it on foot, and the child during The route should pass through Kendro streets and the local access network. Its compatibility is more with educational use and residential areas.
According to the obtained results, the studied area is in an unfavorable condition in terms of spatial distribution. This situation is observed more in the northern, central and western parts of the region. The southern part of the region is in a favorable condition due to the location of two regional parks. But in the north-west and center of the region, due to the lack of green space and the relatively large amount of this region, it is in an unfavorable condition. The studied region has an extremely dense texture, so one of the priorities of the region is due to the lack of green space per capita. And the existence of the worn and dense texture of the area, the implementation of various plans and programs for the development of green space should be.
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