تنوع زیستی ریزجلبک ها، ظرفیتی بالقوه در فناوری های زیستی و محیطی

محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیست

مریم آخوندیان ¹ (استادیار، گروه زیست دریا، دانشکده علوم دریایی و اقیانوسی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
سید دانیال میرحسن نیا ² (دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زیست دریا، دانشکده علوم دریایی و اقیانوسی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/12/18 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/04/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/04/01

کلید واژه: ریزجلبک, زیست فنآوری, ترکیبات فعال زیستی, محیط زیست, ظرفیت های بالقوه,

چکیده مقاله :

ریزجلبــک ها گروهی بسیار متنوع از گیـاهان آبزی هستند که امروزه طیف کاربردی گستـرده ای در علم فنــــآوری زیستی یافته اند. این فتوسنتزکنندگان میکروسکوپی، علی رغم نقش مؤثری که در تولید اکسیژن در روی کره زمین ایفا می کنند، به دلیل پراکنش و فراوانی بالایی که دارند تقریبا در تمام آب های روی زمین یافت می شوند. ارزش بالای تغذیه ای و نیز پتانسیل این گیاهان میکروسکوپی در تولید ترکیبات فعـال زیستـی با کاربردهای متنوع دارویی و غـذایی، هم چنین کاربری به عنوان مواد اولیــه خام جهت استخراج سوخت های زیستیِ سازگار با محیط زیست (بیودیزل) و نیز کاربردی که در پایش و پالایندگی آلاینده های محیطی مانند فلزات سنگین، سموم و علف کش ها دارند؛ این گیاهانِ کوچک مقیاس را، در کانون توجه محققین بی شماری در سراسر دنیا قرار داده است. اگرچه پژوهش های فراوانی در سراسر دنیا بر پتانسیل های زیست فنـآورانه ی ریز جلبک ها متمرکز می باشد؛ امـا به نظر می رسد در کشـور ما با وجود دسترسی به منابع آبی و تنوع زیستی بالای ریزجلبک ها به سبب شریط آب و هوایی، تاکنون ظرفیت های بالقوه ی این منابع با ارزش، مورد توجـه کافی قرار نگرفته است. لذا، این گفتــار مروری است بر ظرفــیت های بالقوه ریزجلبــک ها برای استـفاده در فنــآوری های زیستی نوین که می تواند توجه محققین و علاقمندان به زیست فناوری دریایی را به منظور انجام تحقیقات در این زمینه جلب نماید.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Microalgae is a group of highly versatile aquatic plants that nowadays have achieved a wide range of applications in the science of biotechnology. These microscopic photosynthesizers, despite performing an effective role in the oxygen production on the earth, due to their high distribution and frequency are almost found in the entire ecosystems on the globe. The high nutritional value and even potential of these microscopic plants in the production of bioactive compounds with varied food and medicinal usages, also as primary raw materials for the extraction of sustainable biofuels (biodiesel), besides their application in monitoring and refinement of environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides and herbicides; have nestled these small scale plants in the spotlight of the countless researchers worldwide. Although, globally several researches have been focused on the biotechnological potentials of microalgae, but it seems that so far in our country, the considerable efficiency has not been provided to this valuable resource. Therefore, this article is an overview of the microalgal potential to use in modern biotechnology and can attract the attention of researchers to carry out research in this area. 

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