مروری بر گیاه‌پالایی خاک‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین
محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیست
محمدرضا نادری
1
(
دانشجوی دکتری اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد*(مسئول مکاتبات).
)
عبدالرزاق دانش‌شهرکی
2
(
استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد.
)
رضوان نادری
3
(
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم و تکنولوژی بذر، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند.
)
کلید واژه: فلزات سنگین, گیاه‌پالایی, استخراج‌گیاهی, تصفیه‌ی‌گیاهی, تبخیر‌گیاهی, تثبیت‌گیاهی,
چکیده مقاله :
سمیت فلزات سنگین و تجمع آن‌ها در زنجیره‌های غذایی یکی از اصلی‌ترین معضلات زیست محیطی و بهداشتی جوامع مدرن است. اگرچه امکان اصلاح خاک‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین با استفاده از تکنیک‌های شیمیایی، فیزیکی و یا زیستی وجود دارد، اما روش‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی اصلاح مناطق آلوده به فلزات سنگین هزینه‌بر، وقت‌گیر و تخریب‌کنند‌ه‌ی محیط زیست می‌باشند. از این رو، طی سال‌های اخیر دانشمندان و مهندسین درصدد طراحی و توسعه‌ی تکنیک‌های زیستی برآمدند که بتوانند مکان‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین را بدون آنکه بر حاصلخیزی و تنوع بیولوژیکی خاک اثرات سوئی داشته باشند پاکسازی و تعدیل نمایند. گیاه‌پالایی از جمله فناوری‌های سبز و دوست‌دار محیط‌زیست است، که از لحاظ اقتصادی مقرون‌به‌صرفه و از لحاظ انرژی کم هزینه می‌باشد. این فناوری دربرگیرنده‌ی استفاده از گیاهان و ریزجانداران وابسته به آن‌ها جهت پاکسازی و یا تثبیت آلاینده‌های سمی نظیر فلزات سنگین است. در مقاله‌ی حاضر مروری کوتاه بر فناوری گیاه‌پالایی و تکنیک‌های مختلف آن خواهیم داشت.
Heavy metals toxicity and their accumulation in food chains is one of the main environmental and healthful problems in current modern societies. Although, remediation of metal-contaminated soils is possible by chemical, physical and biological techniques, but chemical and physical methods of metal-contaminated lands remediation are costly, time consuming and environment destructive. Hence, in current years scientists and engineers to think of design and development of biological techniques that be able to modify heavy metals-contaminated sites without to have evil effects on soil fertility and biodiversity. The phytoremediation is an environment friendly and green technology that is cost effective and energetically inexpensive. This technology is included the use of plants and their associated microorganisms for elimination or stabilization of toxic contaminants such as heavy metals. In this article, we have a brief review on phytoremediation technology and its various techniques.
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