بررسی روند تکامل معماری برگرفته از طبیعت براساس تحولات فناوری در دوره مدرن و پست مدرن
محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیست
محبوبه نقابی
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پریسا هاشم پور
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1 - استادیار، گروه معماری، دانشگاه بناب، بناب، ایران. * (مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - استاد، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
کلید واژه: بیونیک, بیومیمتیک, بیومیمیکری, فناوری, مدرن, پست مدرن.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: امروزه الهام از طبیعت در راستای پاسخ به مسائلی که بشر از حل آن ناتوان است در علوم مختلف کاربرد یافته است. مطالعات مربوط به معماری برگرفته از طبیعت اغلب به معرفی روشهای الهام از طبیعت و معرفی نمونه‌های موردی پرداخته‌اند ولی مطالعه جامعی در زمینه عوامل تاثیرگذار بر سیر تحول معماری برگرفته از طبیعت انجام نپذیرفته است. پژوهش حاضر برای آگاهی از اینکه بیونیک در معماری در راستای حل مسائل مطرح و منطبق با پیشرفت علوم و فناوریها در معماری تکامل یافته و یا صرفا به یک سبک فرمال تبدیل شده است انجام پذیرفت.
روش بررسی: عوامل موثر بر روند معماری برگرفته از طبیعت با روش تحلیل محتوای متون بیونیک در معماری به دست آمدند و برای بررسی سیر تحول معماری برگرفته از طبیعت 58 اثر از 100 اثر معماری بیونیک که به روش کتابخانه‌ای گرداوری شده بودند با روش دلفی جهت مطالعه انتخاب شدند.
یافته ها: تحلیل محتوای متون نشان دادند که در دو دهه گذشته، معماری برگرفته از طبیعت تحت تاثیر علوم مختلفی از جمله ارتقای دانش زیستشناسی، توجه به مخاطرات زیستمحیطی و پیشرفت فناوریها تکامل یافته است. دغدغه معماری برگرفته از طبیعت در آثار منتخب تا سال 1972 بهینه‌سازی سازه‌ای و فرمی و بعد از سال 1972، حل مشکلات زیستمحیطی بوده است.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: طراحی بناهای با حداقل مصرف انرژی و سازگار با محیط زیست و دستیابی به تکنیکهای چرخه ماده و انرژی، ازجمله اهداف معماری برگرفته از طبیعت است و این امر نشان‌دهنده قابلیت معماری بیونیک در حل مشکلات زیستمحیطی در آینده است.
Background and Objective: Inspiration from nature has been used in various sciences to answer problems that humans cannot solve. Studies related to architecture derived from nature have often introduced methods inspired by nature and presented case examples, but there is no comprehensive study on the factors influencing the evolution of architecture derived from nature. This research aimed to know whether bionics in architecture has evolved in line with the solution of the problems raised and in accordance with the progress of science and technology in architecture or has become just a formal style.
Material and Methodology: Factors affecting the process of architecture derived from nature were obtained by analyzing the content of bionic texts in architecture. Fifty-eight of the 100 works of bionic architecture collected by the library method were selected for study using the Delphi method to investigate the evolution of architecture derived from nature.
Findings: The content analysis of the texts showed that in the last two decades, architecture derived from nature has evolved due to various sciences, including the promotion of biological knowledge, attention to environmental hazards, and the advancement of technologies. The concern of architecture derived from nature in selected works until 1972 has been the structural optimization and formal aspects. After 1972, it has focused on addressing environmental issues.
Discussion and Conclusion: The goals of architecture derived from nature include the design of buildings with minimal energy consumption and compatibility with the environment and achieving material and energy cycle techniques, which shows the ability of bionic architecture to solve environmental problems in the future.
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