بررسی روند تکامل معماری برگرفته از طبیعت براساس تحولات فناوری در دوره مدرن و پست مدرن
الموضوعات :
محبوبه نقابی
1
,
پریسا هاشم پور
2
1 - استادیار، گروه معماری، دانشگاه بناب، بناب، ایران. * (مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - استاد، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: بیونیک, بیومیمتیک, بیومیمیکری, فناوری, مدرن, پست مدرن.,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و هدف: امروزه الهام از طبیعت در راستای پاسخ به مسائلی که بشر از حل آن ناتوان است در علوم مختلف کاربرد یافته است. مطالعات مربوط به معماری برگرفته از طبیعت اغلب به معرفی روشهای الهام از طبیعت و معرفی نمونه‌های موردی پرداخته‌اند ولی مطالعه جامعی در زمینه عوامل تاثیرگذار بر سیر تحول معماری برگرفته از طبیعت انجام نپذیرفته است. پژوهش حاضر برای آگاهی از اینکه بیونیک در معماری در راستای حل مسائل مطرح و منطبق با پیشرفت علوم و فناوریها در معماری تکامل یافته و یا صرفا به یک سبک فرمال تبدیل شده است انجام پذیرفت.
روش بررسی: عوامل موثر بر روند معماری برگرفته از طبیعت با روش تحلیل محتوای متون بیونیک در معماری به دست آمدند و برای بررسی سیر تحول معماری برگرفته از طبیعت 58 اثر از 100 اثر معماری بیونیک که به روش کتابخانه‌ای گرداوری شده بودند با روش دلفی جهت مطالعه انتخاب شدند.
یافته ها: تحلیل محتوای متون نشان دادند که در دو دهه گذشته، معماری برگرفته از طبیعت تحت تاثیر علوم مختلفی از جمله ارتقای دانش زیستشناسی، توجه به مخاطرات زیستمحیطی و پیشرفت فناوریها تکامل یافته است. دغدغه معماری برگرفته از طبیعت در آثار منتخب تا سال 1972 بهینه‌سازی سازه‌ای و فرمی و بعد از سال 1972، حل مشکلات زیستمحیطی بوده است.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: طراحی بناهای با حداقل مصرف انرژی و سازگار با محیط زیست و دستیابی به تکنیکهای چرخه ماده و انرژی، ازجمله اهداف معماری برگرفته از طبیعت است و این امر نشان‌دهنده قابلیت معماری بیونیک در حل مشکلات زیستمحیطی در آینده است.
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