بررسی تأثیر سرمایه اجتماعی بر رفتارهای زیست محیطی گردشگران شهر ایلام
محورهای موضوعی : محیط زیست شهری
پاکزاد آزادخانی
1
(دانشیار گروه معماری، جغرافیا و برنامه¬ریزی شهری، موسسه غیر انتفاعی باختر ایلام. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
محمد جوادی راد
2
(کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مدیریت و برنامه¬ریزی جهانگردی، موسسه غیر انتفاعی باختر ایلام. )
کلید واژه: سرمایه اجتماعی, رفتارهای زیست‌‌محیطی, گردشگران, شهر ایلام.,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه با توجه به افزایش سفرها و تمایل افراد به گردشگری و گشت و گذار در طبیعت نگرانی‌‌ها برای حفظ طبیعت و حفاظت از منابع طبیعی نیز افزایش یافته است. دغدغه تمامی دوستداران محیط زیست این است که چگونه می‌‌توان از منابع طبیعی به نحو صحیح استفاده و از آنها برای نسل‌‌های آتی مواظبت کرد. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر سرمایه‌‌های اجتماعی بر رفتارهای زیست‌‌محیطی با روش توصیفی - همبستگی انجام شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش گردشگران ورودی به شهر ایلام در سال 1397 تشکیل داده است که تعداد 384 نفر از آنها با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و به روش نمونه‌‌گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب و بین آنها پرسشنامه توزیع شد. از پرسشنامه‌‌های استاندارد سرمایه اجتماعی ناهاپیت و گوشال 1998 و رفتارهای زیست‌‌محیطی امامقلی 1390 به-منظور گردآوری داده‌های میدانی استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌‌ها از طریق آزمون‌‌های همبستگی و رگرسیون در نرم‌‌افزار SPSS انجام شد. یافته‌‌ها نشان داد که سرمایه‌‌های اجتماعی با رفتارهای زیست‌‌محیطی گردشگران رابطه معناداری دارد. همچنین مؤلفه‌‌های سرمایه اجتماعی با رفتارهای زیست‌‌محیطی رابطه معناداری داشتند. از بین مؤلفه‌‌های سرمایه اجتماعی، مؤلفه سرمایه شناختی با ضریب بتای 31 درصد بیشترین تأثیر را در تبیین رفتارهای زیست‌‌محیطی داشت. نتیجه بررسی رابطه سرمایه اجتماعی بر مؤلفه‌‌های زیست‌‌محیطی نیز حاکی از وجود رابطه مثبت بین سرمایه اجتماعی و صرفه‌‌جویی در مصرف گاز، برق و آب توسط گردشگران داشت ولی بین سرمایه اجتماعی و استفاده از تولیدات استاندارد، حفاظت از محیط زیست و استفاده از وسایل بازیافتی رابطه‌‌ای یافت نشد.
Background and Objective: Concerns for nature conservation and the conservation of natural resources have also increased with increasing travel and people's interest in tourism and nature tours. The concern of all environmentalists is how to use natural resources properly and protect them for future generations. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of social capital on environmental behavior.
Material and Methodology: This research has been done with a descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population of the study includes tourists entering Ilam city in 2018, of which 384 are selected using Cochran formula by simple random sampling method. The Nahapit and Guchal (1998) social capital standard questionnaire and Emamgholi (2011) environmental behaviors standard questionnaire are used to collect field data. Data are analyzed by SPSS software using correlation and regression tests.
Findings: The findings show that social capital has a significant relationship with the environmental behavior of tourists. Also, the components of social capital have a significant relationship with environmental behaviors. From among the components of social capital, the cognitive capital component, with a beta coefficient of 31%, has the greatest effect on explaining environmental behaviors. The results of the study of the relationship between social capital and environmental components also show a positive relationship between social capital and saving on gas, electricity and water consumption by tourists. However, there is no relationship between social capital and the use of standard products, environmental protection and the use of recyclables.
Discussion and Conclusion: conservation of the environment is a principal the education of which shall be concerned in the initial living years; So that, would be accepted by the local society and tourists as a social principal.
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